“…In addition to the above HAPs, plants produce several compounds typically thought of as vertebrate sex steroids, their metabolites, and the enzymes necessary to synthesize them (Hewitt, Hillman, & Knights, ; Janeczko & Skoczowski, ; Simersky, Novak, Morris, Pouzar, & Strnad, ). Estradiol and estrone have been detected in seeds or pollen of apples, date and doum palm, plums, and pomegranates (Amin, Awad, El Samad, & Iskander, ; Amin & Paleologou, ; Awad, ; Bennett, Ko, & Heftmann, ; Gawienowski & Gibbs, ; Heftmann, Ko, & Bennett, ) as well as quaking aspen catkins (Khaleel, Dillman, & Gretch, ), common beans (Kopcewicz, ), moghat roots (Amin et al., ), and waxyleaf nightshade (Milanesi, Monje, & Boland, ). Similarly, progesterone was found in extracts of loblolly pine, common foxglove, tobacco, and elecampane (Carson, Jenkins, Wilson, Howell, & Moore, ; Simersky et al., ); 17‐alpha‐hydroxyprogesterone and 16‐dehydro‐progesterone occurred at significant concentrations in foxglove ; and androstenedione was found in tobacco and elecampane (Simersky et al., ).…”