Plants are Capable of Synthesizing Animal Steroid Hormones

Tarkowská, Danuše

doi:10.3390/molecules24142585

Cited by 47 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…From (Fig. 2), it is observed that ethanolic extraction method failed to extract steroids from A. Vasica leaves while chloroform as solvent proved to extract these phytosterols may also act as precursors for the de novo biosynthesis of steroid hormones [16].. Flavonoids, terpenoids and saponins (Fig. 3, 4 & 5) were present in both extracts which shows promising capabilities of both extracts for prevention and treatment of many degenerative diseases.…”

Section: Phytochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 94%

Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of adhatoda vasica leaves

Shahzad¹

2020

PAB

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The experiment was conducted to estimate the phytochemical and antibacterial activity in Adhatoda vasica during the year 2018. The plant samples were collected from the Khanpur valley in fresh forms and were processed in the Food Science and Technology Laboratory The University of Haripur for further chemical analysis. Antimicrobial activity of Adhatodavasica was tested against various gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains. Different phytochemicals compounds i.e. Alkaloids, Steriods, Flavonoids, Terpenoids, Tannins Extract, Saponins, and Glycosides were investigated in the experiment. Highest antimicrobial activity was recorded in case of gram positive bacteria. Leaf extracts of Adhatodavasica leaves extract would be replacement to synthetic/aritificial antimicrobial agents and needs further studies and clinical trials. The phytochemical screening indicated presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloid, flavonoids, tannins and phenol in both extracts making it to have antibacterial potentials. Extract showed remarkable activity against the growth of the selected bacteria The presence of these phytochemicals may lead to the conclusion that Adhatodavasica plants can be used as medicine for treating different diseases.

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Section: Phytochemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 94%

Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of adhatoda vasica leaves

Shahzad¹

2020

PAB

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“…Brassinosteroids (BRs) are considered as a novel candidate of steroids that play a crucial role in antiviral activities in the recovery of patients suffering with herpetic and viral diseases [91]. Four analogues of 28-homocastasterone such as (22R,23R,24S)-3β-acetoxy-22, 23-dihydroxy-5α-stigmastan-6-one (1), (22R,23R,24S)-3β-bromo-22,23-dihydroxy-5α-stigmastan-6-one (2), (22R,23R,24S)-3β-acetoxy-5, 22, 23-trihydroxy-5α-stigmastan-6-one (3), and (22R,23R,24S) 3β-bromo-5,22,23-trihydroxy-5α-stigmastan-6-one [4] have been formed via an artificial pathway dependent upon regioselective ∆ 5 epoxidation and characterization was done from stigmasterol. Compounds 1 and 2 having a 5αH moiety were synthesized by a reductive opening of the 5β, 6β epoxy precursor, and compounds 3 and 4 having 5αOH moiety were attained through hydrolytic opening of a mixture of 5α, 6α and 5β, 6β epoxy precursors.…”

Section: Antiherpetic Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Potential of Brassinosteroids in Biomedical and Clinical Research

Kohli

Bhardwaj

et al. 2020

Biomolecules

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Steroids are a pivotal class of hormones with a key role in growth modulation and signal transduction in multicellular organisms. Synthetic steroids are widely used to cure large array of viral, fungal, bacterial, and cancerous infections. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a natural collection of phytosterols, which have structural similarity with animal steroids. BRs are dispersed universally throughout the plant kingdom. These plant steroids are well known to modulate a plethora of physiological responses in plants leading to improvement in quality as well as yield of food crops. Moreover, they have been found to play imperative role in stress-fortification against various stresses in plants. Over a decade, BRs have conquered worldwide interest due to their diverse biological activities in animal systems. Recent studies have indicated anticancerous, antiangiogenic, antiviral, antigenotoxic, antifungal, and antibacterial bioactivities of BRs in the animal test systems. BRs inhibit replication of viruses and induce cytotoxic effects on cancerous cell lines. Keeping in view the biological activities of BRs, this review is an attempt to update the information about prospects of BRs in biomedical and clinical application.

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“…Even though steroids are primarily associated with mammals due to early investigations and drug productions, it has been demonstrated that steroids are also natural components of all other eukaryotes including plants, where they also are involved in regulation of the physiological processes related to growth, development, and reproduction [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Biosynthesis Of Steroid Hormones In Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phytosterols can be precursors for heterologous biosynthesis of steroid hormones [ 13 ] such as phytoecdysteroids, brassinosteroids [ 36 ], progesterone, testosterone, and its derivatives [ 13 ]. Androsteroid functions are not limited to reproduction; they are also involved in controlling plant vegetative development.…”

Section: Biosynthesis Of Androsteroids In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, extensive studies of testosterone and its derivative occurrence performed by Simons and Grinwich in 1989 [ 38 ] in 128 plant species using radioimmunoassay demonstrated their presence in 70% of the plant species. In addition, androsteroids were detected in the seeds of all 128 species [ 13 ]. The testosterone biosynthetic pathway in plants occurs in the cytosol, starting from cholesterol.…”

Section: Biosynthesis Of Androsteroids In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biosynthesis and Industrial Production of Androsteroids

Batth

Nicolle

Cuciurean

et al. 2020

Plants

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Steroids are a group of organic compounds that include sex hormones, adrenal cortical hormones, sterols, and phytosterols. In mammals, steroid biosynthesis starts from cholesterol via multiple steps to the final steroid and occurs in the gonads, adrenal glands, and placenta. This highly regulated pathway involves several cytochrome P450, as well as different dehydrogenases and reductases. Steroids in mammals have also been associated with drug production. Steroid pharmaceuticals such as testosterone and progesterone represent the second largest category of marketed medical products. There heterologous production through microbial transformation of phytosterols has gained interest in the last couple of decades. Phytosterols being the plants sterols serve as inexpensive substrates for the production of steroid derivatives. Various genes and biochemical pathways involved in phytosterol degradation have been identified in many Rhodococcus and Mycobacterium species. Apart from an early investigation in mammals, presence of steroids such as androsteroids and progesterone has also been demonstrated in plants. Their main role is linked with growth, development, and reproduction. Even though plants share some chemical features with mammals, the biosynthesis is different, with the first C22 hydroxylation as an example. This is performed by CYP11A1 in mammals and CYP90B1 in plants. Moreover, the entire plant steroid biosynthesis is not fully elucidated. Knowing this pathway could provide new processes for the industrial biotechnological production of steroid hormones in plants.

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Plants are Capable of Synthesizing Animal Steroid Hormones

Cited by 47 publications

References 76 publications

Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of adhatoda vasica leaves

Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of adhatoda vasica leaves

Therapeutic Potential of Brassinosteroids in Biomedical and Clinical Research

Biosynthesis and Industrial Production of Androsteroids

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