Steroid profiling by UHPLC-MS/MS in dried blood spots collected from healthy women with and without testosterone gel administration

Salamin, Olivier; Nicoli, Raul; Xu, Chao; Bernard, Julien; Pitteloud, Nelly; Saugy, Martial; Kuuranne, Tiia

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114280

Cited by 28 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…24,[26][27][28] Finally, these limitations have led to development of serum steroid profiling to complement and extend the repertoire of antidoping tests. 22,[29][30][31][32][33] As there are no clearly established indications for T treatment in healthy women, 34,35 most research studies of T administration in women have aimed to replicate endogenous T production rates (0.3 mg/day) 36 for treatment of female sexual dysfunction. 34,35 Despite surveys of female athletes with admitted 25 or proven 37 doping indicating a preference for T doping, few prospective studies have investigated higher T doses relevant to doping to study supraphysiological androgen effects on female physical performance 38,39 or T doping in female athletes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of testosterone microdosing in healthy females

Savkovic

Desai

et al. 2022

Drug Testing and Analysis

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The ready detectability of synthetic androgens by mass spectrometry (MS)-based antidoping tests has reoriented androgen doping to using testosterone (T), which must be distinguished from its endogenous counterpart making detection of exogenous T harder. We investigated urine and serum steroid and hematological profiling individually and combined to determine the optimal detection model for T administration in women. Twelve healthy females provided six paired blood and urine samples over 2 weeks prior to treatment consisting of 12.5-mg T in a topical transdermal gel applied daily for 7 days. Paired blood and urine samples were then obtained at the end of treatment and Days 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14 days later. Compliance with treatment and sampling was high, and no adverse effects were reported. T treatment significantly increased serum and urine T, serum dihydrotestosterone (DHT), urine 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol (5α-diol) epitestosterone (E), and urine T/E ratio with a brief window of detection (2-4 days) as well as total and immature (medium and high fluorescence) reticulocytes that remained elevated over the full 14 posttreatment days. Carbon isotope ratio MS and the OFF score and Abnormal Blood Profile score (ABPS) were not discriminatory. The optimal multivariate model to identify T exposure combined serum T, urine T/E ratio with three hematological variables (% high fluorescence reticulocytes, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and volume) with the five variables providing 93% correct classification (4% false positive, 10% false negatives). Hence, combining select serum and urine steroid MS variables with reticulocyte measures can achieve a high but imperfect detection of T administration to healthy females.

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confidence: 99%

Detection of testosterone microdosing in healthy females

Savkovic

Desai

et al. 2022

Drug Testing and Analysis

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“…Mass spectrometry coupled with gas or liquid chromatography is the technique of choice for the control of prohibited substances in human athletes as well as in production and sport animals [33,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48]. An initial screening is carried out to identify the possible presence of prohibited compounds and then to quantify if necessary [37].…”

Section: Laboratory Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The compounds of interest are extracted from the samples usually with an organic solvent. This step may be preceded by enzymatic hydrolysis in order to release the conjugated forms of the molecules [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. The extracts are then purified and concentrated most often by passing the sample through solid phase columns adapted according to the physicochemical characteristics of the molecules.…”

Section: Laboratory Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extracts are then purified and concentrated most often by passing the sample through solid phase columns adapted according to the physicochemical characteristics of the molecules. The choice of columns depends on laboratory though it is usually based on published data [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. This purification step can also be carried out by evaporation of the solvent.…”

Section: Laboratory Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extracted samples are then analyzed [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. Currently, because of their high separation power and their ability to analyze a large number of molecules in a single assay, High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography are the techniques of choice [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. It is common to test more than 100 compounds from different therapeutic classes in a single run [37-39] [27].…”

Section: Laboratory Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marlier

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Veterinary Sciences

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Pigeon racing is a sport in which trained homing pigeons (Columba livia domestica) are released between 60 and 1200 km from their loft and then have to return home as quickly as possible. The first race was held in 1818 in Belgium and since then, Belgium has led the world in pigeon breeding. Unfortunately, as in other sports, doping has become a major issue and doping controls have been implemented. This review provides information about pigeon racing, rules from the Royal Federation Colombophile of Belgium, and laws applicable in Belgium as doping control issues cannot be understood without including them as part of pigeon racing. The main pharmacological data concerning corticoids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anabolic steroids, pain relievers and narcotic analgesics, bronchodilators and β-agonists, drugs acting on the central nervous system and other performance-enhancing drugs, in addition to methods relevant to doping in pigeons are presented. Moreover, the chosen matrix and analytical methods are described.

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Annual banned‐substance review: Analytical approaches in human sports drug testing 2020/2021

Thevis

Kuuranne

Geyer

2021

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Most core areas of anti‐doping research exploit and rely on analytical chemistry, applied to studies aiming at further improving the test methods' analytical sensitivity, the assays' comprehensiveness, the interpretation of metabolic profiles and patterns, but also at facilitating the differentiation of natural/endogenous substances from structurally identical but synthetically derived compounds and comprehending the athlete's exposome. Further, a continuously growing number of advantages of complementary matrices such as dried blood spots have been identified and transferred from research to sports drug testing routine applications, with an overall gain of valuable additions to the anti‐doping field. In this edition of the annual banned‐substance review, literature on recent developments in anti‐doping published between October 2020 and September 2021 is summarized and discussed, particularly focusing on human doping controls and potential applications of new testing strategies to substances and methods of doping specified in the World Anti‐Doping Agency's 2021 Prohibited List.

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Steroid profiling by UHPLC-MS/MS in dried blood spots collected from healthy women with and without testosterone gel administration

Cited by 28 publications

References 32 publications

Detection of testosterone microdosing in healthy females

Detection of testosterone microdosing in healthy females

Doping in Racing Pigeons (Columba livia domestica): A Review and Actual Situation in Belgium, a Leading Country in This Field

Annual banned‐substance review: Analytical approaches in human sports drug testing 2020/2021

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