Steroid hormones and plant growth and development

Geuns, Jan

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)89671-5

Cited by 160 publications

(88 citation statements)

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“…Some of these materials structurally resemble mammalian estrogens [ 191. Topical application of androgens and estrogens variously affects flower formation in a number of plant species [20,21]. Mammalian sex steroids and cortisol also alter seed growth and vegetative development [20,21].…”

Section: Cellular Function Of Steroidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Receptors for mammalian steroid hormones in microbes and plants

Agarwal

1993

FEBS Letters

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Steroids are of universal occurrence, present variously as cell wall constituents and bioregulators. A number of bacteria, fungi, and photosynthetic vascular plants synthesize steroids that are honnonally active in the animal world. The cellular effect of such steroids in microbes and plants appears by and large to be comparable to that in mammals. Available evidence suggests that steroid action in botanical phyla is mediated via receptors organized in a manner similar to that seen in animals. Therefore, the ancestry of ligand induced transactivation via zinc finger proteins appears to date farther back than the early Cambrian burst of metazoan evolution 500 million years ago.Microbe; Plant; Steroid; Hormone; Receptor 1. STEROID DISTRIBUTION AND SYNTHESIS formed to steroids hormonally active in animals and plants [6-81. Receptor mediated control of transcription by steroid hormones (Fig. 1) is a subject of much contemporary interest in mammalian biology. In microbes and plants, the evidence for distribution, synthesis, and physiological action, of steroids has remained rather circumscribed, and sometimes even contradictory. This minireview traces the role played by steroids as messengers at various levels of evolution, as a prelude to understanding receptor origin for further experimental inquiry.Cholesterol is the common starting material in animals for P450 mediated synthesis of all classes of steroid hormones [9]. Plant species have been variously shown to contain glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (deoxycorticosterone), progestins (progesterone), androgens (testosterone), estrogens (estradiol and estrone) and even the insect moulting hormone ecdysone [2,[5][6][7]10,, as shown in Table I.Life on earth is believed to have originated some 4 billion years ago from about 30 biologically useful precursors, formed from simple inorganic matter under the influence of the cosmic energy reaching our planet. Steroids are of universal occurrence, present in the cell variously as membrane constituents, chemical messengers, vitamins, cytotoxins, and hormones [1,2]. CELLULAR FUNCTION OF STEROIDSWhereas prokaryotic transformation of steroids is rich in diversity [3], the synthesis of sterols follows two major routes in higher organisms [4]. Squalene 2,3-oxide, formed from acetate via common pathways, is cyclized either to lanosterol in non-photosynthetic eukaryotes (fungi, animals), or to cycloartenol in photosynthetic phyla [4]. Insects transform steroids and ster01s ingested during feeding [2]. Plant sterols, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and alkaloids are of much biomedical value, but have no demonstrated counterparts or hormonal role in mammals [5]. Several bacterial and plant species synthesize cholesterol which is then transEarlier studies had shown that bacteria, mycoplasma (PPLO), and fungi respond to sterols and steroids in bewildering ways, ranging from vitamin-like to antimicrobial [7]. Mammalian gonadal hormones generally inhibit the growth of bacteria, in particular the Grampositive organisms [7,11]....

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Section: Cellular Function Of Steroidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Receptors for mammalian steroid hormones in microbes and plants

Agarwal

1993

FEBS Letters

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“…Steroid functions as important hormone on plant growth, like brassinolide or brassinosteroid which is more bioactive than plant steroid which promotes growth (Bishop and Koncz, 2002). Steroid derivative of pentacyclic triterpene is able to stimulate growth and biosynthesis of radish chlorophyll (Geuns, 1978). Application of 0.05 ppm epibrassinolide is able to stimulate mytotic and growth of onion root cap cells (Howell et al 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2017

Int. J. Curr. Res. Biosci. Plant Biol.

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A b s t r a c t A r t i c l e I n f oTest of crude extracts of several plant species was conducted in a screen house to determine the best plant species and the most effective concentration of extract for increasing growth of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivated in Ultisol. The test was done using Nested Design. First factor was sources of extracts: 1) leaves of cassava, 2) leaves of G. linearis, 3) C. asiatica, 4) stem bark of A. scholaris, and 5) fruit pericarp of mangosteen. Second factor was extract concentrations: 0 (control), 25, 50, and 100 mg/L. Applications of crude extract of mangosteen fruit pericarp at concentration 50 mg/L increased fresh weight of roots with the highest average weight 48.33 g, while the control was 13.33 g. However, plant height given extract of mangosteen (50 mg/L) was lower (74.90 cm) compared to the one in control (87.70 cm). On lower (25 mg/L) and higher (100 mg/L) concentrations of mangosteen pericarp extracts, fresh weight of roots tended to be lower than in control. Application of crude extract of C. asiatica at concentration 100 mg/L showed higher plant height with average 79.30 cm than in control 69.60 cm. Application of crude extract of mangosteen fruit pericarp showed the increasing of plant height from two to three weeks after planting, and crude extract of C. asiatica increased the plant height in third weeks after planting.

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“…However, flowering could not always be induced in Lemna, suggesting other factors may also be involved (Geuns, 1978). When oestrogens were applied to apices.…”

Section: Floweringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, sex expression in cucumber was influenced in the female direction by application of Ea or testosterone (0-1,1-0 and 10 mg) over a 2-week period (Gawienowski, Cheney and Marsh, 1971). The apparently anomalous feminizing effect of testosterone may have been due to its metabolism to Eg (Geuns, 1978). In Ecballium elaterum, apical application of oestrogens increased both the number of flowers produced and the female:male flower ratio (Kopcewicz, 1971c).…”

Section: Sex Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%