Sterilization policies, moral rehabilitation and the politics of amends

Braun, Kathrin; Herrmann, Svea Luise; Brekke, Ole Andreas

doi:10.1080/19460171.2013.869179

Cited by 11 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The law did not provide for sterilisation of 'aliens' such as Jews, Roma, and people of African descent so that the compulsory sterilisation of hundreds of mulatto children and youths in 1937 was illegal. 'Gypsies' ran a threefold greater risk of being sterilised than the general population, but this was because they were more frequently categorised as 'feebleminded' [20]. Overall, between 1933 and 1939, 360,000 to 375,000 (certain sources mention 400,000 [18]) people (two thirds of whom were women) were compulsorily sterilised.…”

Section: The Nazi Regime Kept Precise Records During the First Year mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many women deliberately got pregnant with a view to escaping sterilisation; this led in 1935 to an extension of the Sterilisation Act authorising abortions for eugenic reasons. These non-consensual abortions were mandatorily performed in conjunction with a sterilisation [16,20]. Resistance to the sterilisation programme by the medical profession came only from small groups of Marxist physicians.…”

Section: The Nazi Regime Kept Precise Records During the First Year mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compensation for the injuries sustained was a contentious issue, particularly in relation to the extent to which these unfortunate people could be considered victims of Nazi molestation. In 1980 a compensation fund was created, but the criteria to be taken into consideration were manifestly unfair [20]. From 1988 onwards, those forcefully sterilised under the Nazi regime were granted a monthly allowance (amounting to 291 € in 2015).…”

Section: Compensation To Victims Of Coercive Sterilisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Legalised non-consensual sterilisation – eugenics put into practice before 1945, and the aftermath. Part 2: Europe

Amy

Rowlands

2018

The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health

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This article deals with the nine European nations which legalised non-consensual sterilisation during the interwar years, thus completing the review, the first part of which was published in an earlier issue of this Journal. Like we did for North America, Japan and Mexico, countries concerned are addressed in chronological order, as practices in one of these influenced policies in others, involved later. For each, we assess the continuum of events up to the present time. The Swiss canton of Vaud was the first political entity in Europe to introduce a law on compulsory sterilisation of people with intellectual disability, in 1928. Vaud's sterilisation Act aimed at safeguarding against the abusive performance of these procedures. The purpose of the laws enforced later in eight other European countries (all five Nordic countries; Germany and, after its annexation by the latter, Austria; Estonia) was, on the contrary, to effect the sterilisation of large numbers of people considered a burden to society. Between 1933 and 1939, from 36,000 to 400,000 residents (two-thirds of whom were women) were compulsorily sterilised in Nazi Germany. In Sweden, some 32,000 sterilisations carried out between 1935 and 1975 were involuntary. It might have been expected that after the Second World War ended and Nazi legislation was suspended in Germany and Austria, including that regulating coerced sterilisation, these inhuman practices would have been discontinued in all nations concerned; but this happened only decades later. More time still went by before the authorities in certain countries officially acknowledged the human rights violations committed, issued apologies and developed reparation schemes for the victims' benefit.

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Section: The Nazi Regime Kept Precise Records During the First Year mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Nazi Regime Kept Precise Records During the First Year mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Compensation To Victims Of Coercive Sterilisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Legalised non-consensual sterilisation – eugenics put into practice before 1945, and the aftermath. Part 2: Europe

Amy

Rowlands

2018

The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health

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“…Third, Herbert's work makes clear that, at least as far as politics is concerned, discourse cannot be reduced to text; discourse is being performed and enacted. The latter, for example, is critical in the field of historic justice, as we sought to point out in our research on the politics of amends concerning sterilization policies in the past (Braun et al, 2014). A governmental apology, from this perspective, is not merely a textual expression of preexisting attitudes.…”

Section: About the Authormentioning

confidence: 98%

Valediction for Herbert Gottweis

Waldby¹,

Prainsack

Haddad

et al. 2014

BioSocieties

Self Cite

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We, like many colleagues, were deeply shocked and saddened to hear of Herbert Gottweis' untimely death on the 31 March this year. While we were aware of Herbert's illness, we also hoped that, against the odds, he would recover in his typical, buoyant style. This was not to be. A few days after receiving the terrible news, we began a discussion of ways to commemorate our colleague. This special section is the result. We invited a selection of Herbert's many collaborators, colleagues and former students to reflect upon the impact that his life and work has had upon their own. We wish to convey his significance to our field and our community, and to commemorate his unique presence.As anyone who has met Herbert will recall, he wore his erudition lightly, and conducted his scholarly work with a wonderful, ironic charm and sense of fun. An indefatigable networker and generous host of innumerable seminars and workshops, Herbert treated even the most rigorous academic exchanges as serious pleasure, to be celebrated in memorable locations and, at the end of the day, excellent restaurants. Many colleagues in our field first met each other at one of Herbert's marvelous events, traveling from around the world to find ourselves in a Moorish school in Grenada or an Alpine chalet, where, among the spectacular surroundings we enjoyed enriching intellectual exchanges. Herbert's capacity to recognize early career talent ensured that each such event introduced promising young scholars to their more senior peers. He has nurtured some of the leading young academics in the field, including several of the authors writing here. For example, he introduced one of us (BP) to Adele Clarke, in whose Department she spent 5 invaluable months while doing her doctoral work.These collegial relationships, formed across not only Europe but also North America, East Asia and Australia, are enduring bonds and tangible testimony to Herbert's scholarly life and work. As the collected essays here attest, Herbert also left an important legacy of substantive scholarship. His scholarship has had its most significant impact in two main areas. 1 First, he strengthened and expanded the foothold that governance studies had within the field of 1 These are summarized in an obituary published earlier this year (see Prainsack, 2014).

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“…Indeed, for many decades after the war, there were those in the medical communities of these countries who refused to accept that any wrongdoing had taken place (Schneider, 2011). Furthermore, few victims of eugenic programmes have ever received any form of compensation despite the life changing nature of the treatment that they had endured (Braun et al, 2014), with proper national commemoration of their lives a largely recent affair (Eddy, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A hidden history

Atherton

Steels

2015

J Intellect Disabil

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Knowledge and understanding of how eugenics has historically affected the lives of people with intellectual disabilities is vital if professionals are to mount an effective defence against its contemporary influences. An online survey of European providers of health, social care and pedagogical education and training courses was undertaken to find out how the history of eugenics is taught to those wishing to work in services for people with intellectual disabilities.206 educational providers were contacted with a response rate of 35.9% (n=74). Findings showed that the majority of educational providers recognise the importance of including the history of eugenics in their courses although fewer feel confident that it is sufficiently well covered to prepare future professionals for their role as protector. Course content differs on both the emphasis given to the different components of this history, time dedicated to its delivery and the extent to which it is used to inform legal and ethical debate. Specific recommendations for developing the way in which this subject area is taught are outlined.

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Sterilization policies, moral rehabilitation and the politics of amends

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Legalised non-consensual sterilisation – eugenics put into practice before 1945, and the aftermath. Part 2: Europe

Legalised non-consensual sterilisation – eugenics put into practice before 1945, and the aftermath. Part 2: Europe

Valediction for Herbert Gottweis

A hidden history

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