Current exposure to quinolones increased the risk of Achilles tendon rupture. The risk is highest among elderly patients who were concomitantly treated with corticosteroids.
Uterine perforation is an uncommon complication of intrauterine device insertion, with an incidence of one in 1,000 insertions. Perforation may be complete, with the device totally in the abdominal cavity, or partial, with the device to varying degrees within the uterine wall. Some studies show a positive association between lactation and perforation, but a causal relationship has not been established. Very rarely, a device may perforate into bowel or the urinary tract. Perforated intrauterine devices can generally be removed successfully at laparoscopy.
The study consisted of a survey of all new cases of Bell's palsy occurring between 1992 and 1996 in practices contributing data to the UK General Practice Research Database (GPRD). Data were extracted on age, sex, date of episode of Bell's palsy, household number, episodes of herpes simplex, treatment prescribed and referral to relevant hospital departments. A total of 2473 cases of Bell's palsy were identified. The overall incidence for the study period was 20.2 per 100 000 person years of follow-up (95% CI 19.4-21.0). Incidence increased with age. There was no difference in incidence according to sex or season but there were significant changes over time: incidence was higher in the first year of the study period than in subsequent years. There was no clustering of cases in households and no evidence of any tendency for herpes simplex infections to precede Bell's palsy. About 36% of cases were treated with oral steroids and 19% of episodes resulted in hospital referral. In conclusion, Bell's palsy is seen mainly in a primary care setting. The majority of cases are treated expectantly without drugs. Lack of household clustering and lack of a tendency of herpes simplex infections to precede Bell's palsy do not support a viral aetiology.
BackgroundReproductive control of women by others comprises a wide range of behaviours, from persuasion to pressure such as emotional blackmail, societal or family expectations, through to threats of or actual physical violence. It is defined as behaviours that interfere with women’s reproductive autonomy as well as any actions that pressurise or coerce a woman into initiating or terminating a pregnancyMethodNarrative review based on a search of medical and social science literature.ResultsReproductive control by others includes control or coercion over decisions about becoming pregnant and also about continuing or terminating a pregnancy. It can be carried out by intimate partners, the wider family, or as part of criminal behaviour. One form is contraceptive sabotage, which invalidates the consent given to sex. Contraceptive sabotage includes the newly-described behaviour of ‘stealthing’: the covert removal of a condom during sex. Reproductive control by others is separate from intimate partner violence but there are similarities and the phenomena overlap. Reproductive control by others is reported by as many as one quarter of women attending sexual and reproductive healthcare services. Those treating such women should be familiar with the concept and how to ameliorate its effects. Screening questions for its detection have been developed as well as interventions to reduce its risk.ConclusionsReproductive control by others is common and those working in women’s health should be familiar with the concept and with screening tools used to detect it.
This chapter starts with an overview of teenage pregnancy within a social context. Data are then presented on conceptions and repeat conceptions in teenagers. Social predictors of repeat teenage pregnancy are grouped according to social ecological theory. A brief summary of prevention of teenage pregnancy in general is followed by a detailed analysis of studies of interventions designed to prevent repeat pregnancy that reached specific quality criteria. The results of some systematic reviews show no significant overall effect on repeat pregnancy, whereas others show an overall significant reduction. Youth development programmes are shown in some cases to lower pregnancy rates but in other cases to have no effect or even to increase them. Features of secondary prevention programmes more likely to be successful are highlighted.
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