Stereotaxic assembly and procedures for simultaneous electrophysiological and MRI study of conscious rat

Khubchandani, M.; Mallick, Hruda Nanda; Jagannathan, Naranamangalam R.; Kumar, Velayudhan Mohan

doi:10.1002/mrm.10441

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Previous devices have concentrated on restraint and maintenance of an animal so as to prevent motion artifact in acquired radiological images (Kamiryo et al, 1995;Karger et al, 1995;Khubchandani et al, 2003;Lahti et al, 1998;Ohl et al, 1999;Wolf et al, 2002). While this is important, they fail to account for the need for repeated acquisition of images over time frames that may involve removal of the animal from the imaging instrument.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, reproducible selection of the same region of interest is not easily accomplished, and few devices have been developed to perform this task. Some devices have been developed that employ the use of a sterotaxic holder for maintaining animal position (Kamiryo et al, 1995;Karger et al, 1995;Khubchandani et al, 2003;Lahti et al, 1998;Ohl et al, 1999;Wolf et al, 2002). However, these have not been designed to fit within the same mounting plane of the instrument.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Indeed, most fit well within the imaging system, but are not registered to the imaging isocenter of the instrument. Many lose their accuracy in one or more dimensions (Karger et al, 1995;Khubchandani et al, 2003;Ohl et al, 1999) and/or rotational angles (Kamiryo et al, 1995;Lahti et al, 1998;Wolf et al, 2002). Even fewer have physiological monitoring and life support incorporated into these devices (Ohl et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Consistent and reproducible slice selection in rodent brain using a novel stereotaxic device for MRI

Fricke

Vink

Chiodo

et al. 2004

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Consistent and reproducible slice selection in rodent brain using a novel stereotaxic device for MRI

Fricke

Vink

Chiodo

et al. 2004

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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“…The influence of anesthesia on brain function is well recognized, and imaging studies of the brain using conscious small animals have been reported (13,14). In such studies, strict head restraint was achieved by using devices implanted in the skull.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of isoflurane anesthesia and hypothermia on the hepatic kinetics of Gd‐EOB‐DTPA: Evaluation using MRI of conscious mice

Kiryu

Inoue

Watanabe

et al. 2011

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose: To develop a method for body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of conscious mice and investigate the effect of isoflurane anesthesia and hypothermia on the hepatic kinetics of gadoxetate disodium (Gd-EOB-DTPA). Materials and Methods:Conscious or anesthetized mice were restrained on a holder and the rectal temperature was measured serially. Serial MRI of the liver was performed after intravenous injection of Gd-EOB-DTPA with or without temperature control. Three mice were studied for each condition. Results:The temperature dropped rapidly in anesthetized mice beside the MR unit. The decline was less prominent in conscious mice. The temperature decreased less in anesthetized mice and remained constant in conscious mice in the radiofrequency (RF) coil. The washout of Gd-EOB-DTPA was slower in anesthetized hypothermic mice than in conscious normothermic mice. Warmed anesthetized mice showed faster washout, and cooled conscious mice showed delayed washout. Severer hypothermia in anesthetized mice resulted in weaker initial enhancement and slower washout.Conclusion: By separately manipulating the presence or absence of anesthesia and hypothermia, we demonstrated that washout of Gd-EOB-DTPA was delayed under hypothermia, regardless of anesthesia. Serial body MRI of conscious mice was feasible and allowed the evaluation of kinetics of a contrast agent, while excluding the possible effects of anesthesia. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) is a noninvasive technique that provides 3D information about both anatomy and function and is accepted as a powerful modality for small animal experiments as well as for clinical practice (1-4). Small animal MRI is usually performed under anesthesia, which may change physiological conditions and affect the experimental results including the pharmacokinetics of a contrast agent. The kinetics of a hepatobiliary contrast agent reflects liver function in humans and small animals (5,6) and is important to determine the optimal timing of imaging. It has been suggested that the kinetics of two hepatobiliary contrast agents, gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA) (7) and gadoxetate disodium (Gd-EOB-DTPA) (8), differ between anesthetized and conscious mice, and that anesthesia using isoflurane or pentobarbital prolongs contrast enhancement in the liver. Although the body temperature in mice decreases under anesthesia (9,10), the kinetics of contrast agents was evaluated without warming or measurement of body temperature in the previous studies. Therefore, hypothermia, other than the direct action of anesthetic, might have affected the kinetics.We developed a method for acquiring body MR images in conscious mice and evaluated the kinetics of Gd-EOB-DTPA in mouse liver under conditions of isoflurane anesthesia and consciousness. Furthermore, we manipulated the body temperature to separately assess the direct action of the anesthetic and the effect of hypothermia. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and potential usefulness of serial body MRI in conscious mice and to investigat...

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“…In vivo animal studies that combine electroencephalograph (EEG) with fMRI and MRS are of potentially great importance in neurosciences, although simultaneous EEG recording during MRI scanning of small animals is inherently difficult (Khubchandani et al, 2003;Sijbers et al, 1999;Van Audekerkea et al, 2000). Moreover, the EEG patterns obtained from experimental animals are dependent on the physiologic and hemodynamic states of the animals (Winters, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological monitoring of small animals during magnetic resonance imaging

Mirsattari

Bihari

Leung

et al. 2005

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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Stereotaxic assembly and procedures for simultaneous electrophysiological and MRI study of conscious rat

Cited by 32 publications

References 18 publications

Consistent and reproducible slice selection in rodent brain using a novel stereotaxic device for MRI

Consistent and reproducible slice selection in rodent brain using a novel stereotaxic device for MRI

Effect of isoflurane anesthesia and hypothermia on the hepatic kinetics of Gd‐EOB‐DTPA: Evaluation using MRI of conscious mice

Physiological monitoring of small animals during magnetic resonance imaging

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