“…In the literature, there are numerous mathematical models to characterize and predict the spontaneous imbibition occurring in the different porous media. Firstly, Washburn investigated the process of water imbibition and proposed the model for single-phase liquids, which is also known as Lucas-Washburn equation [ 2 , 12 ]. Initially this model was applied for the process in a vertical tube, but further Lucas-Washburn equation was modified to extend its relevance and consequently, was applied for the complex porous media [ 13 , 14 ].…”