The carbon footprint is one of the main indicators to assess the impact of human activity on the natural environment. The aim of this study was to determine the carbon footprint for the production technology of fruit paste. We selected homogenized strawberry paste because it had the largest share in production. Our study presents the methodology for calculating carbon dioxide emissions in order to assess and reduce greenhouse gas emissions generated by the given food technology. CO 2 emissions were calculated for monthly and annual production, taking into account available data on production, material balances obtained, emission data collected, and assumed indices. It has been shown that the process of cold storage is a major factor influencing the level of CO 2 emissions. Determining the carbon footprint of specific technology enables deliberate reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, which contributes to environmental protection.
The non-invasive introduction of active substances into the human body is a top challenge for researchers in medicine, pharmacology, and cosmetology. Development of nanotechnology and possibilities of creating more and more complex drug carriers on a nanoscale give a more realistic prospect of meeting this challenge. However, in the absence of sufficient knowledge of the mechanisms of such systems’ transport through the human skin structure, it is necessary to look deeper into these issues. There are several models describing nanoparticles transport through the skin, but they are mainly based on diffusion process analysis. In this work, a model was proposed to predict nanoparticles transport through the skin, based on the combined diffusion and adsorption concept. This approach was based on experimental studies of silver and copper nanoparticles’ diffusion process through different filtration membrane layers. Dependence of the degree of adsorption on the surface parameter was described using modified Langmuir equation. Then, these considerations were related to the structure of the stratum corneum, which made it possible to predict the changes in the mass of penetrating nanoparticles as a function of transport path length. A discussion of the presented model, depending on such parameters as nanoparticle size, skin cell thickness, or viscosity of the “intercellular cement”, was also performed.
Drug transport in human body is often intensified by various carriers. The simplest and highly effective are emulsions. In these liquids, one phase is dispersed in other in the form of droplets, in which active substance is often dissolved. In existing application of such liquids as carriers, monodispersity of such systems has been a very important parameter, because when all droplets have same size, it is relatively easy to predict drug release time. However, monodisperse emulsion production on an industrial scale is expensive and technologically quite difficult. Therefore, it would be more reasonable to use polydisperse emulsions. However, mechanism of drug release from such carriers is more complicated and difficult to conduct. When emulsion droplets of different sizes pass through microchannels, i.e., blood vessels, individual droplets’ transport velocity is different and interdependent. The ability to predict rate at which individual droplets travel through microchannels will enable control of drug release depending on emulsion parameters. This work presents a detailed analysis of polydisperse emulsion transport through a single microchannel. Dependence of individual droplets velocity on their diameter and position relative to flow axis and influence of these parameters on droplet transport trajectories were studied. These studies were conducted for five liquid flow rates and three emulsion concentrations. As a result of this work, some generalization approach was proposed to estimate droplet transport velocity depending on their position in channel based on reference to single-phase flow. This work may find application in pharmaceutical industry for design of cheaper drug manufacturing technologies. Graphical abstract
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.