Stereochemical facets of clinical β‐blockers: An overview

Abstract

The modern β-adrenergic agonists (β-blockers) possess one or more than one chiral center in their structure. Two enantiomers exhibit distinct pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic behaviors. Current progress in drug designing has resulted in the ability to understand the role of chirality in modern therapeutics. Furthermore, with a greater understanding of the molecular structure of precise drug targets, development of new drugs is directed towards the pure enantiomers instead of its racemates. The present review deals with a discussion on the stereochemical facets of chiral clinical β-blockers. This review provides details of stereo-selectivity in the pharmacological behavior of some of β-blockers and their metabolites. An effort has been made on highlighting the distinction between the therapeutic behavior of the racemic mixtures and pure enantiomers.

Chiral Switch: Between Therapeutical Benefit and Marketing Strategy

“…Two failed attempts of chiral switch were made in the β-blockers class, a class in which every substance is chiral. Differences between the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of the enantiomers were identified, but only timolol is used in therapy in the form of a pure enantiomer (S-timolol) [43].…”

Detection and remediation of chiral pharmaceuticals from wastewater: A review

“…Increasingly enantiopure pharmaceuticals are authorized every year. 24 The ecological relevance is equally important because stereoisomers of CP may also differ in bioremediation and ecological toxicity. Pharmaceutical products are a significant class of pseudo-persistent substances that have been observed in the concentration level from nanomolar to micromolar quantities and cause bad impacts on nontargeted species and direct or indirect human health issues due to water and foodborne contamination.…”

A photoswitchable ligand targeting β1-adrenoceptor enables light-control of the cardiac rhythm

“…The design of these ligands is based on cardioselective known betablockers, which are characterized by a para-aromatic substitution pattern. [29] Introducing the oxyaminoalcohol moiety in para -with respect to the azo bridge yielded light-regulated ligands with a high degree of β 1 -/β 2 -AR selectivity. The azobenzene molecules demonstrate a temporal control of the receptor activity in cell cultures.…”