Abstract:Purpose: Bangladesh is one of the least developed countries of the world according to the Committee of Development Policy, a panel of the UN General Assembly. This study aims to explore the status of economic graduation and development of Bangladesh from the Least Development Countries (LDC) category to Middle Income Country (MIC). This study intends to contribute the debate regarding the graduation status of Bangladesh and briefly clarifies the difference of classification by highlighting implementation chall… Show more
“…The World Bank estimated that GDP had increased year-onyear by 1.6% between 1990 and 2019, the last year before the pandemic (34,35). This economic progress supported the economic transition from a least developed country (LDC) to a Lower-Middle-Income Country (LMIC) (36). Despite the progress, the economic shocks of COVID-19 were severe; many lost their livelihoods, and it became a challenge to implement COVID-19 health guidelines targeting the communities effectively (37).…”
BackgroundThe global COVID-19 pandemic profoundly impacted nations worldwide, and Bangladesh was no exception. In response, the government of Bangladesh implemented community awareness initiatives aimed at containing the spread of the virus, aligned with international guidelines and recommendations. Despite these efforts, a lack of comprehensive community awareness programs played an essential role during the pandemic, not the preventive measures. A qualitative study employing framing theory was conducted to gain a deeper insight into how the social context influenced risk communication and community response throughout the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.MethodsThe study was conducted in four selected districts of Bangladesh from February to May 2022 using complementary data collection methods, including key informant interviews, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions with purposely selected participants. Data were analyzed thematically by following six steps of the thematic analysis process. Codes were developed based on the data and summarized into themes and sub-themes grounded on the codes.ResultsThe findings indicate that the government of Bangladesh, along with development partners and non-government organizations, made a significant effort to raise awareness about COVID-19 in the community. However, there were certain limitations to this effort. These include a lack of social science and public health approaches to understanding the pandemic; inadequate coordination among the authorities for COVID-19 prevention and control; technological and geographical barriers for disseminating messages; the living conditions and lack of facilities; socio-cultural norms in understanding the COVID-19 health messages, and the gendered understanding of the messages. The findings also revealed that the awareness activities remained a one-way approach to inform the people and faced challenges to actively engage and create ownership of the community in the pandemic response.ConclusionThe study identified gaps in implementing risk communication and community engagement strategies in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic. Increasing focus on public health and prioritizing community ownership is essential to designing a more effective community awareness campaign. This approach will help ensure that health messages are communicated effectively and tailored to different communities’ needs.
“…The World Bank estimated that GDP had increased year-onyear by 1.6% between 1990 and 2019, the last year before the pandemic (34,35). This economic progress supported the economic transition from a least developed country (LDC) to a Lower-Middle-Income Country (LMIC) (36). Despite the progress, the economic shocks of COVID-19 were severe; many lost their livelihoods, and it became a challenge to implement COVID-19 health guidelines targeting the communities effectively (37).…”
BackgroundThe global COVID-19 pandemic profoundly impacted nations worldwide, and Bangladesh was no exception. In response, the government of Bangladesh implemented community awareness initiatives aimed at containing the spread of the virus, aligned with international guidelines and recommendations. Despite these efforts, a lack of comprehensive community awareness programs played an essential role during the pandemic, not the preventive measures. A qualitative study employing framing theory was conducted to gain a deeper insight into how the social context influenced risk communication and community response throughout the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.MethodsThe study was conducted in four selected districts of Bangladesh from February to May 2022 using complementary data collection methods, including key informant interviews, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions with purposely selected participants. Data were analyzed thematically by following six steps of the thematic analysis process. Codes were developed based on the data and summarized into themes and sub-themes grounded on the codes.ResultsThe findings indicate that the government of Bangladesh, along with development partners and non-government organizations, made a significant effort to raise awareness about COVID-19 in the community. However, there were certain limitations to this effort. These include a lack of social science and public health approaches to understanding the pandemic; inadequate coordination among the authorities for COVID-19 prevention and control; technological and geographical barriers for disseminating messages; the living conditions and lack of facilities; socio-cultural norms in understanding the COVID-19 health messages, and the gendered understanding of the messages. The findings also revealed that the awareness activities remained a one-way approach to inform the people and faced challenges to actively engage and create ownership of the community in the pandemic response.ConclusionThe study identified gaps in implementing risk communication and community engagement strategies in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic. Increasing focus on public health and prioritizing community ownership is essential to designing a more effective community awareness campaign. This approach will help ensure that health messages are communicated effectively and tailored to different communities’ needs.
“…In addition, a paper of the researcher from the Policy Research Institute, Bangladesh (Razzaque & Rahman, 2019) analyzes the impact of trade with the EU, including a US$1.6 billion decline in exports and the possibility of China, Cambodia, India, Turkey, and Vietnam increasing their exports instead. Besides, in a paper written by Bangladesh government officials, it was pointed out that "a continuous effort should be given by the government by gaining experience from another developed country to reduce risk factors to ensure sustention of current progress" (Rahman, Sony, Rubel, Alam, & Liza, 2020). It is evident that a sense of necessity is shared among the Bangladesh government.…”
Section: Bangladesh's Graduation From Ldc Statusmentioning
In 2026, Bangladesh is expected to graduate from the Least Developed Countries status, which is reviewed by the Committee for Development Policy of the United Nations. While graduation has some advantages, such as improvement of the country's external image, it also has some disadvantages, such as the inability to use the special preferential measures that are granted to countries with that status by the international community. This study discusses the implications and impacts of such changes in business environment of Bangladesh on Japanese companies through a questionnaire-based survey. As a result, the study demonstrates that Japanese companies that operate in Bangladesh and that benefit from special preferential tariffs have already begun to gather information and are even considering transferring their production bases. In order to avoid losing such foreign direct investment, Bangladesh is looking into free trade agreements (FTAs), however, in addition, authors believe it is necessary for Bangladesh to develop a friendly business environment that is comparable to that of neighboring Southeast Asian countries, to strengthen its industrial competitiveness, and to improve the level of trade diversification. The Japanese government also needs to make further efforts to deepen bilateral economic relations. This study intends to contribute to the debate regarding the graduation status of Bangladesh, and to the policies and strategies of governments and businesses.
“…As a social, educational, or even technological tool, language has evolved to share ideas with others, allowing for complete interaction. Brown, Levinson, & Levinson (1987); Brown & Campione (1994); Kouiri, Agouram, & Kadouri (2021); Rahman, Sony, Hossen Rubel, Alam, & Liza (2020); Yunus, Umiera, Makhtar, Norman, & Hashim (2020); and Ababneh (2020) describe initial language learning as a cognitive socialization process.…”
James Britton proposed three primary language functions, which researchers tested using faculty members from Tawi-Tawi Regional Agricultural College (TRAC), for communicative reading comprehension—transactional, expressive, and poetic. Tawi-Tawi has many schools with high literacy levels, which contributes to a better society and a more peaceful country. The results revealed that the gender of the respondents had no bearing on their level of communication competency, and no significant differences were found between male and female faculty members. Additionally, there was no significant relationship found between the socio-demographic profiles and teaching performance of the faculty members in the English discipline.
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