Stenotrophomonas rhizophila sp. nov., a novel plant-associated bacterium with antifungal properties.

Abstract

A polyphasic taxonomic study was performed on 16 Stenotrophomonas strains from environmental and clinical sources. A group of three plant-associated isolates were shown to be phenotypically different from the other strains. This group formed a separate physiological cluster (B1) with 42 % heterogeneity to the other isolates. The defining characteristics of the new species were as follows : growth at 4 mC and the absence of growth at 40 mC ; the utilization of xylose as a carbon source ; lower osmolytic tolerance ( 4 5 % NaCl, w/v), although the isolates can produce trehalose and glucosylglycerol as osmoprotective substances ; the absence of lipase and β-glucosidase production ; and antifungal activity against plant-pathogenic fungi. The wholecell fatty acid profile of this group was different and characterized by the main fatty acids iso-C 15 :0 and anteiso-C 15 :0 . Numerical analysis of the fatty acid profiles of the strains examined supports the differentiation of the physiological B1 group. By 16S rDNA analysis, three clusters were distinguished. The three strains of the B1 group formed a separate environmental cluster (E1). They showed a mean similarity of 99 5 % within the cluster, and differed from strains of a second environmental cluster (E2) by 2 2 % and from the clinical cluster (C) by about 3 0 %. DNA-DNA hybridization data supported the taxonomic differentiation. All results led to the proposal of a new species, Stenotrophomonas rhizophila sp. nov., with strain e-p10 T

Vanilla Rhizobacteria as Antagonists against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae

“…Similar results have been obtained in previous studies such as with Stenotrophomonas rhizophila and S. maltophila isolated from the rhizosphere of canola and potatoes showing antifungal properties, and the latter species showing high variability in its antifungal activity (Berg et al, 1999;Minkwitz and Berg, 2001;Wolf, 2002). It has been suggested that the mechanisms of inhibition of fungal isolates of the genus Stenotrophomonas are species dependent.…”

“…Obtaining strains of Sphingobacterium, Psychrobacter, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Staphylococcus and Stenotrophomonas from other plant species using culture media with crab and/or shrimp shells as the only carbon source has been reported (Wolf, 2002;Chang et al, 2003;Ribbeck-Busch et al, 2005;Wang et al, 2006;Chang et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2009;Zachow et al, 2009). Likewise, strains of these genera have been reported as rhizobacteria with in vitro antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic fungi, including F. oxysporum, but not for the strain vanillae.…”

Shifts in bacterial communities of two caribbean reef-building coral species affected by white plague disease

“…Different species of bacteria that have been associated to other organisms were also characterized, including Vibrio rotiferianus associated with normal microbiota of rotifers (Gomez-Gil et al, 2003), and Microbacterium oxydans and Nocardiopsis alba associated with normal microbiota of different insects (Pidiyar et al, 2004;Rudolf et al, 2009;Patil et al, 2010). Other bacterial species involved in nosocomial infections were isolated, such as Stenotrophomonas rhizophila (normally associated with plants) (Wolf et al, 2002) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Waters et al, 2007). Brevibacterium linens was isolated exclusively from WPD-affected corals.…”

Stenotrophomonas africana Drancourt et al. 1997 is a later synonym of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (Hugh 1981) Palleroni and Bradbury 1993

“…Several recent studies have shown that there is considerable genomic diversity within S. maltophilia and that this species consists of at least nine genomic groups (Hauben et al, 1999;Coenye et al, 2004). In addition, four novel Stenotrophomonas species have been described: Stenotrophomonas africana (Drancourt et al, 1997), Stenotrophomonas nitritireducens (Finkmann et al, 2000), Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila (Assih et al, 2002) and Stenotrophomonas rhizophila (Wolf et al, 2002). The species S. africana was proposed for a single isolate recovered from cerebrospinal fluid.…”