Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection and colonization in the intensive care units of two community hospitals: A study of 143 patients

Gopalakrishnan, Ram; Hawley, H. Bradford; Czachor, John S.; Markert, Ronald J.; Bernstein, Jack

doi:10.1053/hl.1999.v28.a96418

Cited by 55 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Although it is an infrequent human pathogen, it has been reported as a causal agent in bacteremia, endocarditis, respiratory tract infection, central nervous system infection, ophthalmologic infection, urinary tract infection, gastrointestinal infection, skin, soft tissue, bone and joint infections (2-4, 13). Potential risk factors for infection of S. maltophilia are malignancies (5), prior therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics (6), chronic respiratory disease (6), prolonged endotracheal intubation (4,6), and indwelling vascular catheters (14).…”

Section: Previously Named Xanthomonas Maltophilia or Pseudomonas Maltmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two Episodes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Endocarditis of Prosthetic Mitral Valve: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

Kim

Kang

et al. 2002

J Korean Med Sci

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Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (previously named Xanthomonas maltophilia) is an aerobic, non-fermentive, Gram-negative bacillus that is wide spread in the environment. It was considered to be an organism with limited pathogenic potential, which was rarely capable of causing diseases in human other than those who were in debilitated or immunocompromised state. More recent studies have established that Stenotrophomonas maltophilia can behave as a true pathogen. Endocarditis due to this organism is rare, and only 24 cases of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia endocarditis have been reported in the medical literature. Most cases were associated with risk factors, including intravenous drug abuse, dental treatment, infected intravenous devices, and previous cardiac surgery. We present a case with two episodes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia endocarditis after mitral valve prosthesis implantation, which was treated with antibiotics initially, and a combination of antibiotics and surgery later. To our knowledge, this is the first case of repetitive endocarditis due to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.

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Section: Previously Named Xanthomonas Maltophilia or Pseudomonas Maltmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is a Gram-negative aerobic bacillus (1) that is increasingly recognized as an important cause of nosocomial infection, especially in debilitated and immunocompromised hosts (2)(3)(4)(5)(6). It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two Episodes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Endocarditis of Prosthetic Mitral Valve: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

Kim

Kang

et al. 2002

J Korean Med Sci

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“…Nosocomial colonization and infection are the most common occurrences. This specie is frequently cultured as transient flora from hospitalized patients, but is also able to cause bacteremia, septicemia, endocarditis, conjunctivitis, mastoiditis, meningitis, postoperative wounds, abscesses, urinary tract infections and pneumonia (7,9,12,21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteases (caseinase and elastase), hemolysins, adhesion and susceptibility to antimicrobials of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates obtained from clinical specimens

Garcia¹,

Timenetsky²,

Martinez³

et al. 2002

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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Forty-six S. maltophilia isolates obtained from hospital clinical specimens were studied for protease (caseinase and elastase) production, hemolytic activity, adhesion to HEp-2 cells, plastic and glass. Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was also evaluated. The majority of isolates were obtained from respiratory tract secretions of patients using medical devices. All the isolates grown overnight were able to hydrolyze casein at 30ºC and 37ºC. After 72h, all the isolates hydrolyzed elastase at 30ºC and 40 isolates (87%) at 37ºC. Most of the isolates presented hemolytic activity after 96h of incubation at both temperatures. Rabbit blood showed the hightest hemolytic activity, after 96h 61% and 98% of tested isolates presented β-hemolysis at 30ºC and 37ºC, respectively. All isolates were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfametoxazole and were resistant to most β-lactams tested. By the dilution method, S. maltophilia showed a high susceptibility to ticarcillin-clavulanate and a lower susceptibility to ciprofloxacin than the agar diffusion. The isolates showed adhesion to HEp-2 cells, plastic and glass. The proteolytic activities and adhesion to inanimate surfaces detected in S. maltophilia can be related to the pathogenesis of this bacterium and/or medical device colonization which favors the development of nosocomial infections.

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“…The difference was not statistically significant (P = 0. [32], have reported a less extended duration ranged between 11 and 14 days. In addition, in a case control study dealing with 53 cancer patients by Ansari et al [31], ICU stay within 30 days before the isolation of S. maltophilia was found to be significantly associated with the emergence of Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) S. maltophilia and had the highest OR of all the risk factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies on risk factors for the emergence of S. maltophilia have revealed that Selective pressure caused by the overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics, especially carbapenems, predispose to infection or colonization with S. maltophilia [13] [31] [32]. In the present study, we found a high frequency in IMP prescription prior to SMB, which is consistent with previous reports, in which between 25% and 43% of patients received this antibiotic [5] [11] [23] [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bacteraemia: Analysis of 33 Episodes Occurred in the ICU at the University Hospital in Sousse, Tunisia

Jaidane¹,

Chaouech²,

Naija³

et al. 2014

OALib

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Background: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multidrug-resistant, Gram negative bacillus that has emerged as an opportunistic pathogen associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics of patients with bloodstream infections due to S. maltophilia. Methods: A descriptive retrospective study was performed at the ICUs over seven-year period in a teaching hospital. Cases of SMB were identified through a review of clinical microbiology laboratory and patient's records were retrieved for analysis. Findings: There were 22 deaths (71%) 15 ± 12 days after the bactaeremia. In our study, more than half of patients (17/31) was exposed to broad-spectrum antibiotic specifically imipinem (IMP) before their positive culture. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that isolates were most sensitive to ciprofloxacin (84%) and to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (71%). A probable portal of entry was identified in 27.3% of cases and 57% were catheter-related. Conclusion: Our results were similar to those described by other authors reported in the literature in the last 20 years. Prevention of S. maltophilia acquisition and infection depends on higher emphasis on control of antimicrobial consumption and consideration of environmental reservoirs.

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Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection and colonization in the intensive care units of two community hospitals: A study of 143 patients

Cited by 55 publications

References 21 publications

Two Episodes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Endocarditis of Prosthetic Mitral Valve: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

Two Episodes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Endocarditis of Prosthetic Mitral Valve: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

Proteases (caseinase and elastase), hemolysins, adhesion and susceptibility to antimicrobials of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates obtained from clinical specimens

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Bacteraemia: Analysis of 33 Episodes Occurred in the ICU at the University Hospital in Sousse, Tunisia

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