Stem Cells, Self-Renewal, and Lineage Commitment in the Endocrine System

Mariniello, Katia; Ruiz-Babot, Gerard; McGaugh, Emily C.; Nicholson, James; Gualtieri, Angelica; Gaston‐Massuet, Carles; Nostro, M. Cristina; Guasti, Leonardo

doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00772

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 375 publications

(399 reference statements)

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“…In order to develop complete active matured lineages of neuroendocrine stress system, both endogenously and exogenously derived stress would differentiate the stem cells as well as progenitor cells [124]. It is observed that stress can modulate the number of stem cells in adrenal glands [125].…”

Section: Gender Specific Response To Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment on Impact of COVID-19 Infection in a Gender Specific Manner

Agrawal

Das

Nathani

et al. 2020

Stem Cell Rev and Rep

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by novel coronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was first time reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and thereafter quickly spread across the globe. Till September 19, 2020, COVID-19 has spread to 216 countries and territories. Severe infection of SARS-CoV-2 cause extreme increase in inflammatory chemokines and cytokines that may lead to multi-organ damage and respiratory failure. Currently, no specific treatment and authorized vaccines are available for its treatment. Renin angiotensin system holds a promising role in human physiological system specifically in regulation of blood pressure and electrolyte and fluid balance. SARS-CoV-2 interacts with Renin angiotensin system by utilizing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor for its cellular entry. This interaction hampers the protective action of ACE2 in the cells and causes injuries to organs due to persistent angiotensin II (Ang-II) level. Patients with certain comorbidities like hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease are under the high risk of COVID-19 infection and mortality. Moreover, evidence obtained from several reports also suggests higher susceptibility of male patients for COVID-19 mortality and other acute viral infections compared to females. Analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS) epidemiological data also indicate a gender-based preference in disease consequences. The current review addresses the possible mechanisms responsible for higher COVID-19 mortality among male patients. The major underlying aspects that was looked into includes smoking, genetic factors, and the impact of reproductive hormones on immune systems and inflammatory responses. Detailed investigations of this gender disparity could provide insight into the development of patient tailored therapeutic approach which would be helpful in improving the poor outcomes of COVID-19.

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Section: Gender Specific Response To Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment on Impact of COVID-19 Infection in a Gender Specific Manner

Agrawal

Das

Nathani

et al. 2020

Stem Cell Rev and Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Stem cells are dynamically regulated by signals originating from their niches, helping to regulate appropriate proliferation and differentiation. External and internal stressors influence the process of cell differentiation of stem and progenitor cells in the HPA axis in order to form the fully functional endocrine stress system [72].…”

Section: The Role Of Stem Cells In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the neuroendocrine stress axis

et al. 2020

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“…It is composed of anterior (adenohypophysis) and posterior (neurohypophysis) lobes with distinct embryological origin, morphology and functions; the endocrine center is adenohypophysis whose specialized cell types are identified according to the secreted hormone: corticotroph cells produce adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH); gonadotrophs, follicle-stimulating (FSH) and luteinizing (LH) hormones; lactotrophs, prolactin (PRL); somatotrophs, growth hormone (GH), and thyrotrophs, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Undifferentiated pituitary stem cells (PSCs) exist within anterior pituitary and give rise to the three main progenitor lineages, characterized by the expression of essential transcription factors for lineage commitment and terminal differentiation: (i) PIT1positive PSCs differentiate into GH/PRL/TSH-expressing cells, (ii) TPIT-cells originate the ACTH-secreting subpopulation, while (iii) LH/FSH-secreting cells derive from SF1 lineage (14). Secretory cell types also include somato-lactotrophs which release both GH and PRL, and are considered less differentiated precursors of the mature cells releasing the specific hormone.…”

Section: An Overview Of the Human Pituitary Glandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Evidence and Clinical Implications of Pituitary Adenoma Stem Cells

et al. 2020

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Pituitary adenomas, accounting for 15% of diagnosed intracranial neoplasms, are usually benign and pharmacologically and surgically treatable; however, the critical location, mass effects and hormone hypersecretion sustain their significant morbidity. Approximately 35% of pituitary tumors show a less benign course since they are highly proliferative and invasive, poorly resectable, and likely recurring. The latest WHO classification of pituitary tumors includes pituitary transcription factor assessment to determine adenohypophysis cell lineages and accurate designation of adenomas, nevertheless little is known about molecular and cellular pathways which contribute to pituitary tumorigenesis. In malignant tumors the identification of cancer stem cells radically changed the concepts of both tumorigenesis and pharmacological approaches. Cancer stem cells are defined as a subset of undifferentiated transformed cells from which the bulk of cancer cells populating a tumor mass is generated. These cells are able to self-renew, promoting tumor progression and recurrence of malignant tumors, also conferring cytotoxic drug resistance. On the other hand, the existence of stem cells within benign tumors is still debated. The presence of adult stem cells in human and murine pituitaries where they sustain the high plasticity of hormone-producing cells, allowed the hypothesis that putative tumor stem cells might exist in pituitary adenomas, reinforcing the concept that the cancer stem cell model could also be applied to pituitary tumorigenesis. In the last few years, the isolation and phenotypic characterization of putative pituitary adenoma stem-like cells was performed using a wide and heterogeneous variety of experimental models and techniques, although the role of these cells in adenoma initiation and progression is still not completely definite. The assessment of possible pituitary adenoma-initiating cell population would be of extreme relevance to better understand pituitary tumor biology and to identify novel potential diagnostic markers and pharmacological targets. In this review, we summarize the most updated studies focused on the definition of pituitary adenoma stem cell phenotype and functional features, highlighting the biological processes and intracellular pathways potentially involved in driving tumor growth, relapse, and therapy resistance.

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Stem Cells, Self-Renewal, and Lineage Commitment in the Endocrine System

Cited by 25 publications

References 375 publications

An Assessment on Impact of COVID-19 Infection in a Gender Specific Manner

An Assessment on Impact of COVID-19 Infection in a Gender Specific Manner

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the neuroendocrine stress axis

Experimental Evidence and Clinical Implications of Pituitary Adenoma Stem Cells

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