Stem cell transplantation therapy for diabetic foot ulcer: a narrative review

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease associated with high cardiovascular risk. A vascular complication of diabetes is foot ulcers. Diabetic foot ulcers are prevalent and substantially reduce the quality of life of patients who have them. Currently, diabetic foot ulcer is a major problem for wound care specialists, and its treatment requires considerable health care resources. So far, various therapeutic modalities have been proposed to treat diabetic foot ulcers and one of them is stem cell-based therapy. Stem cell-based therapy has shown great promise for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. This strategy has been shown to be safe and effective in both preclinical and clinical trials. In this review, we provide an overview of the stem cell types and possible beneficial effects of stem cell transplantation therapy for diabetic foot ulcers, and an overview of the current status of stem cell research in both preclinical and clinical trial stages of treatment strategies for diabetic foot ulcers.

Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for the Treatment of Diabetic Wound: From Basic Study to Clinical Application

“…Previous studies showed intra-arterial and intra-muscular injection on chronic limb ischemia results in a better micro-perfusion (69). However, intra-arterial injection may not increase the efficacy of treatment because of the lack of perfusion in diabetic peri-wound area (70). As for the clinical application of ASCs, Moon et al and Carstens et al injected autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells to diabetic patients, which contains ASCs and stromal cells essential for epidermal reconstruction (64,65).…”

“…Previous studies showed intra-arterial and intra-muscular injection on chronic limb ischemia results in a better micro-perfusion ( 69 ). However, intra-arterial injection may not increase the efficacy of treatment because of the lack of perfusion in diabetic peri-wound area ( 70 ). As for the clinical application of ASCs, Moon et al.…”

Stem Cells and Angiogenesis: Implications and Limitations in Enhancing Chronic Diabetic Foot Ulcer Healing

“…Additionally, enhanced wound healing in a murine model of DFUs using human amniotic MSCs, the micronized amniotic membrane containing human amniotic epithelial cells, human placental MSC, collagen gels containing embryonic fetal liver MSCs, and collagen hydrogel scaffold to deliver human fetal aortic MSCs has also been reported. Moreover, the use of embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and granulocyte-colony stimulating factors stimulating bone marrow to mobilize endothelial progenitor cells at the wound site, have also been documented and reviewed [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

“…Using stem cells for wound healing is another promising approach. Multiple articles in the literature have reviewed the mechanism and the role of stem cells in enhancing wound healing [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Hence, this review focuses on the role of stem cells in promoting angiogenesis to enhance wound healing.…”

Photoactivated Hydrogen Sulfide Donor with a Near-Infrared Fluorescence Report System for Accelerated Chronic Wound Healing

“…2 Thus, it is imperative to develop an efficacious therapeutic approach to settle this problem. In clinical, several strategies such as wound dressing, 3,4 cell therapy, 5 and drug delivery 6 are applied to improve wound healing. However, the complicated wound condition requires specific wound management and coordinated treatment, which still remains a challenge.…”