Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for the Treatment of Diabetic Wound: From Basic Study to Clinical Application

Abstract

Diabetic wounds significantly affect the life quality of patients and may cause amputation and mortality if poorly managed. Recently, a wide range of cell-based methods has emerged as novel therapeutic methods in treating diabetic wounds. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are considered to have the potential for widespread clinical application of diabetic wounds treatment in the future. This review summarized the mechanisms of ASCs to promote diabetic wound healing, including the promotion of immunomodulation, neovascularization, and fibro synthesis. We also review the current progress and limitations of clinical studies using ASCs to intervene in diabetic wound healing. New methods of ASC delivery have been raised in recent years to provide a standardized and convenient use of ASCs.

PLGA/Gelatin/Hyaluronic Acid Fibrous Membrane Scaffold for Therapeutic Delivery of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells to Promote Wound Healing

“…The roles ASCs play in promoting wound healing have been linked to their ability to promote angiogenesis [ 54 ]. By topically administering ASCs to ulcers in diabetic mice, enhanced wound closure by neovascularization was previously shown [ 55 ]. Enhanced wound healing in mice has been found from the differentiation of ASCs into endothelial cells [ 56 ].…”

Research Progress on Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Diabetes and Its Complications

“…It is well known that poor glycemic control in DM patients can lead to neuropathy and impaired blood circulation, and wounds often do not heal properly. When AD-MSCs were directly transplanted into the wounds of DM mice, the expression of collagen I, collagen III, alpha-smooth muscle actin ( α -SMA), and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31) in the wound tissue was significantly increased and the expression of IL-6 was significantly decreased, which in turn promoted wound healing and hair follicle regeneration [ 63 ]. The mechanisms underlying these effects are the direct differentiation of MSCs into fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells in vivo, as well as the promotion of fibroblast growth and migration [ 63 ].…”

“…When AD-MSCs were directly transplanted into the wounds of DM mice, the expression of collagen I, collagen III, alpha-smooth muscle actin ( α -SMA), and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31) in the wound tissue was significantly increased and the expression of IL-6 was significantly decreased, which in turn promoted wound healing and hair follicle regeneration [ 63 ]. The mechanisms underlying these effects are the direct differentiation of MSCs into fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells in vivo, as well as the promotion of fibroblast growth and migration [ 63 ]. The expression levels of the angiogenesis-related factors such as VEGF, HGF, α -SMA, FLT-1, and VEGF receptor 2 (FLK-1) were significantly increased when BM-MSCs overexpressing interleukin 7 (IL-7) were transplanted subcutaneously into the wounds of DM rats, which in turn promoted wound healing [ 64 ].…”

The Experience of Different Origin Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Skin Wound Healing.

“…(МСК-КМ). МСК-КМ считаются основным источником МСК у взрослых и хорошим кандидатом для лечения различных типов ран [23]. Доклинические исследования с использованием аутологичных МСК-КМ показали потенциальный терапевтический эффект этих клеток в восстановлении дермы и уменьшении рубцевания при хронических ранах [24].…”