Stem cell therapy without the cells

Maguire, Greg

doi:10.4161/cib.26631

Cited by 123 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Supporting this idea, previous reports have demonstrated that the immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs against NK cells (19,20), cytotoxic T lymphocytes (21), γδ T cells (22), dendritic cells (23,24), or invariant NKT cells (25) is mediated by a paracrine mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…The hASCs have immunomodulatory properties, which are directly mediated by cell-cell contact or indirectly mediated through the release of immunosuppressive factors. The release of these factors is enhanced under inflammatory conditions and results in suppression of T cell function (proliferation, differentiation, and cytotoxicity) (30), B cell functions (31), NK cell cytotoxicity (20), decrease in maturation, and activation of dendritic cells (32) as well as an increase of regulatory T cells (33,34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunomodulatory Potential of Human Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Exosomes on in vitro Stimulated T Cells

et al. 2014

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In the recent years, it has been demonstrated that the biological activity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is mediated through the release of paracrine factors. Many of these factors are released into exosomes, which are small membranous vesicles that participate in cell–cell communication. Exosomes from MSCs are thought to have similar functions to MSCs such as repairing and regeneration of damaged tissue, but little is known about the immunomodulatory effect of these vesicles. Based on an extensive bibliography where the immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs has been demonstrated, here we hypothesized that released exosomes from MSCs may have an immunomodulatory role on the differentiation, activation and function of different lymphocyte subsets. According to this hypothesis, in vitro experiments were performed to characterize the immunomodulatory effect of human adipose MSCs derived exosomes (exo-hASCs) on in vitro stimulated T cells. The phenotypic characterization of cytotoxic and helper T cells (activation and differentiation markers) together with functional assays (proliferation and IFN-γ production) demonstrated that exo-hASCs exerted an inhibitory effect in the differentiation and activation of T cells as well as a reduced T cell proliferation and IFN-γ release on in vitro stimulated cells. In summary, here we demonstrate that MSCs-derived exosomes are a cell-derived product that could be considered as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory Potential of Human Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Exosomes on in vitro Stimulated T Cells

et al. 2014

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“…In this context, ASC paracrine activity, through the secretion of a plethora of bioactive factors, was suggested to have the most prominent therapeutic impact in several conditions, including wound healing [38][39][40][41][42]. In this scenario, the study of ASC-conditioned medium (ASC-CM) (also known as ASC-secretome) has opened the way for the development of new cell-free therapies for tissue repair and regeneration [43][44][45][46][47][48]. Like total secretome, its vesicular fraction (the so-called extracellular vesicles, EVs), able to transfer active cargoes between the cells, is thought to exert biological activity similar to ASCs, thus representing another promising novel therapy against non-healing wounds [38,[49][50][51].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secretome of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells (ASCs) as a Novel Trend in Chronic Non-Healing Wounds: An Overview of Experimental In Vitro and In Vivo Studies and Methodological Variables

Lombardi

Palumbo

Augello

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Wound healing is a complex process with a linear development that involves many actors in a multistep timeline commonly divided into four stages: Hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Chronic non-healing wounds fail to progress beyond the inflammatory phase, thus precluding the next steps and, ultimately, wound repair. Many intrinsic or extrinsic factors may contribute to such an occurrence, including patient health conditions, age-related diseases, metabolic deficiencies, advanced age, mechanical pressure, and infections. Great interest is being focused on the adipose tissue-derived stem cell’s (ASC) paracrine activity for its potential therapeutic impact on chronic non-healing wounds. In this review, we summarize the results of in vitro and in vivo experimental studies on the pro-wound healing effects of ASC-secretome and/or extracellular vesicles (EVs). To define an overall picture of the available literature data, experimental conditions and applied methodologies are described as well as the in vitro and in vivo models chosen in the reported studies. Even if a comparative analysis of the results obtained by the different groups is challenging due to the large variability of experimental conditions, the available findings are undoubtedly encouraging and fully support the use of cell-free therapies for the treatment of chronic non-healing wounds.

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“…Moreover, EVs can be engineered and addressed to specific organs. The use of EVs in therapy is more attractive than the injection of the cells, in fact, injected cells may die or not fully home into the site of damaged tissue whereas EVs can be locally administered with a controlled dosage (30).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%