Stem cell-based composite tissue constructs for regenerative medicine

Abstract

Abstract:A major task of contemporary medicine and dentistry is restoration of human tissues and organs lost to diseases and trauma. A decade-long intense effort in tissue engineering has provided the proof of concept for cellbased replacement of a number of individual tissues such as the skin, cartilage, and bone. Recent work in stem cellbased in vivo restoration of multiple tissue phenotypes by composite tissue constructs such as osteochondral and fibro-osseous grafts has demonstrated probable clues for bioengineered replacement of complex anatomical structures consisting of multiple cell lineages such as the synovial joint condyle, tendon-bone complex, bone-ligament junction, and the periodontium. Of greater significance is a tangible contribution by current attempts to restore the structure and function of multitissue structures using cellbased composite tissue constructs to the understanding of ultimate biological restoration of complex organs such as the kidney or liver. The present review focuses on recent advances in stem cell-based composite tissue constructs and attempts to outline challenges for the manipulation of stem cells in tailored biomaterials in alignment with approaches potentially utilizable in regenerative medicine of human tissues and organs. B

Continuing differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells and induced chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages in electrospun PLGA nanofiber scaffold

“…Recently, synthetic materials have been fabricated into nanometer scale structures in attempts to simulate the matrix environment in which seeded cells can be accommodated to proliferate and differentiate towards desired lineages [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Electrospinning is one of the approaches that allow the fabrication of synthetic materials into fibrous structures in the nanometer scale [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39].…”

3D artificial polymeric scaffolds for stem cell growth fabricated by femtosecond laser

“…The most promising strategy for tissue engineering is growing of autologous adult stem cells in a 3D environment that aims to mimic the natural tissue as closely as possible [15]. Later such artificial tissues or organs could be transplanted to the organism [16]. There are many data that both regenerative medicine directions offer many promising new technologies and products which should help people suffering from injuries and some diseases (diabetes, bone and cartilage damage, vascular or other) [17].…”

Fibroblastic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells using Connective Tissue Growth Factor

“…The present study was designed to explore an ex vivo culturing protocol for fibroblastic differentiation of hMSCs. Establishment of a reliable approach to induce ex vivo differentiation of hMSCs into fibroblasts has widespread implications in the tissue engineering of tendons, ligaments, cranial sutures, fascia, periosteum and any interstitial fibrous tissue [6], [7]. We selected connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) as the induction factor for fibroblastic differentiation of hMSCs on the basis of previous evidence that CTGF promotes fibroblasts proliferation and matrix formation in vitro [8].…”