Stem cell-based biological tooth repair and regeneration

Abstract

Teeth exhibit limited repair in response to damage, and dental pulp stem cells probably provide a source of cells to replace those damaged and to facilitate repair. Stem cells in other parts of the tooth, such as the periodontal ligament and growing roots, play more dynamic roles in tooth function and development. Dental stem cells can be obtained with ease, making them an attractive source of autologous stem cells for use in restoring vital pulp tissue removed because of infection, in regeneration of periodontal ligament lost in periodontal disease, and for generation of complete or partial tooth structures to form biological implants. As dental stem cells share properties with mesenchymal stem cells, there is also considerable interest in their wider potential to treat disorders involving mesenchymal (or indeed non-mesenchymal) cell derivatives, such as in Parkinson's disease.

Expression Profile of the Stem Cell Markers in Human Hertwig’s Epithelial Root Sheath/Epithelial Rests of Malassez Cells

“…Both mesenchymal component and epithelial component are considered essential for tissue engineering of teeth as the process of tooth development (Volponi et al, 2010). Because HERS/ERM cells are a unique epithelial population in adult teeth, establishment of their expansion technique and characterization of their stemness are a matter of the utmost importance in the tooth regeneration.…”

Isolation, Characterization and Comparative Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Derived from Permanent Teeth by Using Two Different Methods

“…Characteristically, similar to the mesenchymal stem cells, dental pulp stem cells are adherent clonogenic cells which have multiple differentiation capacity into mesenchyme and/or non-mesenchyme lineages, both in vitro and in vivo. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]17,18 DPSCs are identified by their negative expression of hematopoietic antigens (e.g., CD45, CD34, CD14), and positive expression of CD90, CD29, CD73, CD105, CD44 and STRO-1. 19,20 Easy obtained potential with minimum pain & morbidity make human DPSCs as a valuable source of MSCs compared to the ordinary sources, such as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells 21 .…”

“…Human pulp-derived stem cells (hDPSCs) possess high proliferation potential with multi-lineage differentiation capacity compare to the ordinary source of adult stem cells [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] …”

Tissue Engineering for Tissue and Organ Regeneration

“…These parameters have not been investigated in the case of cultured and implanted cell-cell re-associations, although they would determine the crown shape. To avoid probably very difficult questions, it was suggested to put efforts mainly on root engineering allowing then the implantation of an artificial crown (Volponi et al, 2010).…”