Steel Corrosion Stages Characterization Using Open-Ended Rectangular Waveguide Probe

Sutthaweekul, Ruslee; Tian, Gui Yun

doi:10.1109/jsen.2017.2775521

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…OERW using PCA analysis [28,29] -Providing an acceptable estimation of the corrosion growing after the fifth month. -Dimensionality reduction using PCA.…”

Section: Theoretical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Open-ended rectangular waveguides (OERWs) are widely used for microwave and millimeter-wave NDT applications. Successful results detecting the delamination in multi-layered composite structures and thickness evaluation of dielectric coatings have been shown in [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Yang et al [21] studied the impact of various factors on microwave OERW during the inspection of the TBC structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, several features-based approaches are utilized with microwave OERW probes. In [28] various OERW probes are used to estimate the impact of corrosion on the coated and uncoated steel specimens with the time passage based on principal component analysis (PCA) features. The PCA components can provide an acceptable estimation of the corrosion growing after the fifth month of the corrosion growing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nondestructive Evaluation of Coatings Delamination Using Microwave Time Domain Reflectometry Technique

et al. 2020

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Ceramic based coatings such as Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) are widely deposited onto gas turbine engine components to protect their metal substrate against high temperature. However, improper adhesive application, thermal stress and moisture penetration through the insulation materials can cause defects such as delamination to grow between the insulation and the metal surface. Such defects could lead to catastrophic failure if not immediately detected and repaired. Hence, it is imperative to non-destructively inspect these interfaces for delamination to avoid such an event. In this paper, a novel microwave nondestructive testing technique for ceramic-based coatings is proposed. This technique is based on scanning the surface of the coating with an open-ended rectangular waveguide and analyzing the reflections in the time domain. The proposed time-domain technique appears to reveal more about the depth of any existing delamination than any other microwave non-destructive testing (NDT) technique. Here, a ceramic sample with machined delamination is scanned using rectangular waveguides operating from 26.5 to 40 GHz. After applying Fourier analysis to the frequency domain waveguide reflections, time-domain results showed the delamination with significantly better depth resolution compared to frequency domain analysis. The results reported in this paper prove the advantages of the time-domain technique to forecast the relative delamination depth, which is important for many industrial applications. The depth information of delamination can be used in a condition-based predictive maintenance schedule to plan the inspection intervals efficiently, minimize the unnecessary replacements and provide practical guidance for future design.

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“…OERW using PCA analysis [28,29] -Providing an acceptable estimation of the corrosion growing after the fifth month. -Dimensionality reduction using PCA.…”

Section: Theoretical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nondestructive Evaluation of Coatings Delamination Using Microwave Time Domain Reflectometry Technique

et al. 2020

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“…Alternatively, a statistical approach based on machine learning such as principal component analysis (PCA) has demonstrated ability in solving this type of challenges. In the microwave NDT study, an open-ended rectangular waveguide probe has been employed for characterization of steel corrosion in early stages [7]. The PCA was effectively applied for feature extraction of hidden progressive corrosions with the elimination of the coating layer influence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Localization of Impact Damage on Woven CFRP Based on Sparse Microwave Imaging

Sutthaweekul¹,

Tian²

2020

Studies in Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics

Self Cite

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Microwave open-ended waveguide scanning has been proved to be a promising NDT technique for imaging of woven carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) with impact damages. However, it uses a conventional C-scan technique, which is excessively time-consuming and therefore it is not practical for defect detection in a large area. Moreover, without proper feature extraction, the appearance of woven texture within the impact damage area opposes to the localization of the impact. This work proposes a novel framework for fast impact damage localization by means of discrete sparse measurement. Also, the localization accuracy of sparse measurement is improved by mitigating effect of woven texture using principal component analysis (PCA) for feature extraction. The performance of the proposed methods is evaluated by sets of incremental measurements. The performance of the proposed system is and evaluated by localizing the impact damage of 100 non-uniform sparse sampling sequences. Results show that our proposed technique can accurately localize the impact damage with number of samples less than 10% of full measurements, giving approximately 10 times faster than that of the conventional C-scan.

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“…Besides, it is impossible to obtain data during this process, such as the instantaneous rate in rain or fog. In contrast, other methods, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) [9,10,11], optical fiber [12,13], and microwave technology [14,15], are used to detect the corrosion status of metals. Nonetheless, these methods are not suitable for long-term continuous testing on site, due to their high requirements in terms of equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion Measurement of the Atmospheric Environment Using Galvanic Cell Sensors

Yang

Mei

Wang

2019

Sensors

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An atmospheric corrosion monitor (ACM) is an instrument used to track the corrosion status of materials. In this paper, a galvanic cell sensor with a simple structure, flexible parameters, and low cost was proposed for constructing a novel ACM, which consisted of three layers: the upper layer was gold, used as the cathode; the lower layer was corroded metal, used as the anode; and the middle layer was epoxy resin, used to separate the cathode and anode. Typically, the anode and epoxy resin were hollowed out, and the hollow parts were filled with electrolyte when it was wet to form a corrosive galvanic cell. Specifically, the corrosion rate was obtained by measuring the short circuit current of the cell. The sensor was made of a printed circuit board (PCB) or flexible printed circuit (FPC) and a metal coupon, which allowed for early control of the electrical parameters (including sensitivity and capacity) and could be combined with various metals. Additionally, the sensor feasibility was studied in water droplet experiments, during which the corrosive current changed with the electrolyte evaporation. The sensor practicability was also verified in a salt spray test, and the electric charge was compared using the thickness loss of bare coupons. A contrast test was also conducted for the corrosivity of different sensors made of aluminum, iron and copper.

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Steel Corrosion Stages Characterization Using Open-Ended Rectangular Waveguide Probe

Cited by 19 publications

References 27 publications

Nondestructive Evaluation of Coatings Delamination Using Microwave Time Domain Reflectometry Technique

Nondestructive Evaluation of Coatings Delamination Using Microwave Time Domain Reflectometry Technique

Fast Localization of Impact Damage on Woven CFRP Based on Sparse Microwave Imaging

Corrosion Measurement of the Atmospheric Environment Using Galvanic Cell Sensors

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