Steam reforming of nn-hexadecane using a Pd/ZrO2Pd/ZrO2 catalyst: Kinetics of catalyst deactivation

Goud, Sandeep; Whittenberger, William A.; Chattopadhyay, Sudipta; Abraham, Martín

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.03.019

Cited by 45 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In situ hydrogen generation by reforming of hydrocarbons from logistic fuels has been widely investigated in the last years as a way to overcome the known difficulties related to the storage and transport of pure hydrogen which limit its use in stationary and mobile fuel cells (FC) [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative reforming of diesel fuel over LaCoO3 perovskite derived catalysts: Influence of perovskite synthesis method on catalyst properties and performance

Villoria¹,

Álvarez-Galván²,

Al-Zahrani³

et al. 2011

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative reforming of diesel fuel over LaCoO3 perovskite derived catalysts: Influence of perovskite synthesis method on catalyst properties and performance

Villoria¹,

Álvarez-Galván²,

Al-Zahrani³

et al. 2011

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

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“…Hydrocarbons of diesel and kerosene fuels can undergo thermal cracking during preheating at temperatures required to vaporize all the components to reach the reforming reactor temperature. For that reason, direct steam reforming may not be efficient in reforming hydrocarbons heavier than naphtha [59][60][61] because of their tendency to undergo thermal cracking with the formation of cracking products (ethylene and polyaromatics) as precursors of the pyrolytic coke formed by condensation/dehydrogenation of these compounds (Figure 2 A). [55][56][57] Long-chain n-alkanes with carbon numbers greater than C 12 are expected to crack and form free radicals if the fuel remains at the boiling temperature, which is only 204-205 8C for all long-chain n-alkanes greater than C 12 .…”

Section: Carbon Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[58] In the absence of oxygen, alkyl free radicals have a high probability of reacting with other hydrocarbons in the fuel, probably leading to radical polymerization and the formation of polyaromatics. For that reason, direct steam reforming may not be efficient in reforming hydrocarbons heavier than naphtha [59][60][61] because of their tendency to undergo thermal cracking with the formation of cracking products (ethylene and polyaromatics) as precursors of the pyrolytic coke formed by condensation/dehydrogenation of these compounds (Figure 2 A). Carbon formation by thermal pyrolysis may be solved through adiabatic pre-reforming prior to the deployment of the primary reformer.…”

Section: Carbon Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalysts for Hydrogen Production from Heavy Hydrocarbons

et al. 2010

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Nearly 2 % of the world's primary energy is stored in the 65 million tonnes of hydrogen generated each year, almost all of which is for captive use in the chemical and refinery industries. [1] Currently, the main processes for producing industrial hydrogen are catalytic steam reforming of natural gas (48 %) and oil-derived naphtha (30 %), coal gasification (18 %), and the electrolysis of water (4 %). [2] Apart from its traditional uses, hydrogen is considered an ideal energy carrier in the future energy systems that need to be economically and environmentally sustainable. [3] The possibility of using hydrogen as an alternative energy carrier has intensified the exploration of hydrogen production processes from a wide range of primary sources such as natural gas, fuels, methanol, biomass, coal, solar, and nuclear power. [4][5][6][7][8] Although hydrogen production, storage, and distribution are commercially viable in the chemical and refining industries, the cost and efficiency of the infrastructures for its storage and distribution for energy use is currently unacceptable compared to existing petroleum distillate facilities. [9] Additionally, current commercial options for H 2 storage (high pressure or liquefaction) do not fully meet requirements for compactness, drive range, and cost in transport applications (2 kWh kg À1 and 4 $ kWh À1 ). To achieve effective hydrogen storage, research activities have focused on the development of in situ production processes based on the reforming of high-density liquids that contain hydrogen, such as methanol, ethanol, or fuels. Several studies [10][11][12][13][14] have analyzed [a] Dr.

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“…The bimolecular surface reaction between dissociated adsorbed species was proposed as the RDS. The generalized rate expression they proposed is given in Equation Goud et al 141 studied the kinetics of deactivation of Pd/ZrO 2 catalyst in the steam reforming of n -hexadecane. A fi rst -order kinetic model, with fi rst -order deactivation rate, was used to obtain the best fi t values for the reaction rate constant and the deactivation rate constant as a function of S/C ratio, temperature, and sulfur loading.…”

Section: Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%