Catalytic Steam Reforming Technology for the Production of Hydrogen and Syngas

Velu, S.; Sharma, Pradeepkumar; Zhang, Lingzhi; Liu, Ke

doi:10.1002/9780470561256.ch2

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 271 publications

(173 reference statements)

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“…Methane is an established source of downstream chemical products in addition to its obvious use as a fuel. The key, initial stage is the splitting of methane into syngas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen gases) by steam reforming, providing an invaluable platform onto countless other chemicals that are of interest as solvents and other functional chemicals [ 118 , 119 ]. Alternatively gasification processes can be applied to biomass to directly produce syngas without the need for biological treatments or the intermediate methane [ 120 ].…”

Section: Methane and Syngasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities for Bio-Based Solvents Created as Petrochemical and Fuel Products Transition towards Renewable Resources

Clark

Farmer

Hunt

et al. 2015

IJMS

185

101

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The global bio-based chemical market is growing in size and importance. Bio-based solvents such as glycerol and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran are often discussed as important introductions to the conventional repertoire of solvents. However adoption of new innovations by industry is typically slow. Therefore it might be anticipated that neoteric solvent systems (e.g., ionic liquids) will remain niche, while renewable routes to historically established solvents will continue to grow in importance. This review discusses bio-based solvents from the perspective of their production, identifying suitable feedstocks, platform molecules, and relevant product streams for the sustainable manufacturing of conventional solvents.

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Section: Methane and Syngasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities for Bio-Based Solvents Created as Petrochemical and Fuel Products Transition towards Renewable Resources

Clark

Farmer

Hunt

et al. 2015

IJMS

185

101

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“…These two options, however, require expensive H2 which, in turn, is preferentially produced worldwide using non-renewable feedstock's, being the steam methane reforming the most 3 developed and commercialized technology [8]. In this regard, these routes should be viable in view of CO2 emissions abatement only when H2 is produced from renewable resources, such as water electrolysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct CO2 hydrogenation to methane or methanol from post-combustion exhaust streams – A thermodynamic study

Miguel

Soria

Mendes

et al. 2015

Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering

121

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The conversion/utilization of waste carbon dioxide is seen as a complementary option to the well-known capture, sequestration and storage strategies (CSS) to substantially reduce atmospheric CO2 (environmental concern). This approach is attractive regarding CCS strategies because CO2 can be transformed into a valuable chemical (economic benefit). Among the options available, methane and methanol are important chemicals that could be obtained from CO2 hydrogenation and used for energy production/storage or as intermediaries to other chemicals.A thermodynamic analysis regarding the hydrogenation of CO2 into CH4 or CH3OH was carried out. The analysis was performed to check the limitations and optimal conditions when converting CO2 from flue gas exhaust streams without previous removal of unnecessary species present in significant amounts (e.g. N2, H2O and O2). The present analysis supports that, from the thermodynamic point of view, the conversion of CO2 into 2 CH4 is favoured in comparison to the CH3OH valorisation strategy, for the considered pressure and temperature ranges.

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“…On the other hand, from Equation (3) and (4), one can anticipate that the effect of (1 −˛) is the same as 2 . In other words, a new Thiele modulus could be defined as = k(1 −˛)/D e , so that the above equation described in literature for non-poisoned catalysts reverts into Equation (5) At this stage it is worth analysing the concentration profiles given by Equation (5), shown in Figure 2 for extreme˛values, that is 10% and 90% of the poisoned catalyst.…”

Section: Concentration Profilesmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Table 1 shows some examples of catalyst deactivation in largescale industrial processes. Apart from those interesting cases reported by Hagen, [1] other noteworthy examples refer to the Nibased catalysts (typically supported on alumina) that are used in the steam reforming of natural gas that perform in excess of 5 years (>50 000 h) of continuous operation [2] or those employed for ethylbenzene dealkylation in the UOP Isomar process (4-5 years without regeneration). [3] Types of catalyst deactivation are diverse and include sintering, fouling and poisoning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the concepts of competition between reaction and diffusion in poisoned catalysts

Madeira

Rodrigues

2012

Can J Chem Eng

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The competition between diffusion and first-order irreversible reaction in poisoned catalysts is revisited. Two cases are considered for isothermal slab catalysts: uniform and shell-progressive (or pore-mouth) poisoning. Analytical concentration profiles are derived, and the implications on catalyst performance are evaluated in different regimes (chemical-or diffusion-controlled) for different levels of poisoning. It was found that depending on the poisoning mechanism, the activity decay can be more or less pronounced. Being of particular concern is the pore-mouth poisoning at high Thiele modulus, conditions under which catalyst performance is drastically affected. The reagent concentration profiles allowed the explanation of the phenomena occurring at the particle scale, in particular the effectiveness factors, observed reaction rates, and poisoning factors' dependence on the Thiele modulus and fraction of the poisoned catalyst; it was found that such relationships are dependent on the mechanism of deactivation.

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Catalytic Steam Reforming Technology for the Production of Hydrogen and Syngas

Cited by 29 publications

References 271 publications

Opportunities for Bio-Based Solvents Created as Petrochemical and Fuel Products Transition towards Renewable Resources

Opportunities for Bio-Based Solvents Created as Petrochemical and Fuel Products Transition towards Renewable Resources

Direct CO2 hydrogenation to methane or methanol from post-combustion exhaust streams – A thermodynamic study

Revisiting the concepts of competition between reaction and diffusion in poisoned catalysts

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