Steam curing of concrete

Nurse, R. W.

doi:10.1680/macr.1949.1.2.79

Cited by 132 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…are experienced with low temperature, especially negative temperature (<0 ∘ C) during initial hydration stage, cement hydration will be greatly affected [9][10][11]. In this case, the hydrated products, phase conversion, for example, from ettringite (AFt) to monosulfate (AFm), and pores solution will be affected by low temperatures [5,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, strategies in early ages should be applied to avoid the damages in matrix under cold weathers [13,14]. To this end, a lot of studies were conducted to learn the Portland cement hydration under low temperatures [10,11,[15][16][17][18], even though there is still lack of understanding in depth to the low temperature effects on cement hydration and hardening characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Portland Cement Hydration Behavior at Low Temperatures: Views from Calculation and Experimental Study

Liu

Jiao

Sha

et al. 2017

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Environmental condition affects the property of construction materials. This study gives an initial understanding of Portland cement hydration under low temperatures from the views of laboratory experiments (including electrical resistivity, degree of hydration (DoH), and maturity) as well as thermodynamic calculation. The hydrates of Portland cement at the given period were detected with X-ray diffraction (XRD), and their microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Experiment result (i.e., DoH and electrical resistivity) indicated that the hydration of Portland cement was delayed by low temperature without hydration stopping at −5 ∘ C. Based on a basic kinetics model, the thermodynamic calculation predicted that the final hydrate differs in dependence on environmental temperatures. The mechanical behavior trend of Portland cement paste affected by low temperatures potentially is linked to the appearing of aluminate compounds and reduction of portlandite.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Portland Cement Hydration Behavior at Low Temperatures: Views from Calculation and Experimental Study

Liu

Jiao

Sha

et al. 2017

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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“…It originated with work done relating to accelerated curing methods (McIntosh, 1949;Nurse, 1949;Saul, 1951) using equation (3). Figure 7.6 presents the number of fractured aggregates in the flexural beams (obtained after the beam is tested).…”

Section: Experimental Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using a Nurse (1949) and Saul (1951) maturity approach, the time-dependent flexural strength was estimated as described in ASTM C1074 (2011). Three values of flexural strength were targeted 275, 350 and 550 psi at 8, 13 and 18 hours respectively.…”

Section: Concrete Maturity and Opening Timesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removing Obstacles for Pavement Cost Reduction by Examining Early Age Opening Requirements: Material Properties

Antico¹,

Esmaeeli²,

Varga³

et al. 2015

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JOINT TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PROGRAMThe Joint Transportation Research Program serves as a vehicle for INDOT collaboration with higher education institutions and industry in Indiana to facilitate innovation that results in continuous improvement in the planning, design, construction, operation, management and economic efficiency of the Indiana transportation infrastructure. https://engineering.purdue.edu/JTRP/index_html Published reports of the Joint Transportation Research Program are available at: http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/jtrp/ NOTICEThe contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views and policies of the Indiana Department of Transportation or the Federal Highway Administration. The report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. COPYRIGHT AbstractThe risk of cracking in a concrete pavement that is opened to traffic at early ages is related to the maximum tensile stress, I , that develops in the pavement and its relationship to the measured, age dependent, flexural strength of a beam, r f . The stress that develops in the pavement is due to several factors including traffic loading and restrained volume change caused by thermal or hygral variations. The stress that develops is also dependent on the time-dependent mechanical properties, pavement thickness, and subgrade stiffness. There is a strong incentive to open many pavements to traffic as early as possible to allow construction traffic or traffic from the traveling public to use the pavement. However, if the pavement is opened to traffic too early, cracking may occur that may compromise the service life of the pavement. The purpose of this report is two-fold: 1) to examine the current opening strength requirements for concrete pavements (typically a flexural strength from beams, r f ) and 2) to propose a criterion based on the timedependent changes of r I f  which accounts for pavement thickness and subgrade stiffness without adding unnecessary risk for premature cracking. An Accelerated Pavement Testing, APT, facility was used to test concrete pavements that are opened to traffic at an early age to provide data that can be compared with an analytical model to determine the effective r I f  based on the relevant features of the concrete pavement, the subgrade, and the traffic load. It is anticipated that this type of opening criteria can help the decision makers in two ways: 1) it can open pavement sections earlier thereby reducing construction time and 2) it may help to minimize the use of materials with overly accelerated strength gain that are suspected to be more susceptible to develop damage at early ages than materials that gain strength more slowly. Key Wordsaccelerated pavement testing, concrete pavement, cracking, early age concrete, opening criteria Distribution StatementNo restrictions. This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Se...

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“…The same year, in his work on steam curing, Nurse [1949] also suggested the product of temperature and time could describe strength development. However, his work did not suggest the use of a datum temperature.…”

Section: Development Of the Maturity Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Curing Conditions on Strength Properties and Maturity Development of Concrete

Newbolds¹,

Olek²

2002

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IntroductionThe main objectives of this project were to establish a correlation between maturity development and degree of hydration of cement and to establish equivalent curing methods for concrete specimens that can accurately represent the curing conditions of concrete in pavement. To achieve these objectives, the following tasks were performed.1. The maturity development of cement in relation to cement hydration was evaluated. 2. The influences of different specimen curing conditions and specimen types on the flexural strength, compressive strength, and maturity development of pavement concrete were evaluated. FindingsBased on the research results presented in this document, the following conclusions were drawn from the study. 1. There existed a good correlation between maturity development of cement paste and the degree of hydration of cement. This correlation was valid only if sufficient moisture was available for continuous hydration of the specimens. The maturitydegree of hydration correlation could also be extended to concrete since the maturity development in cement paste and concrete was found to be similar. 2. With respect to flexural strength of the specimens, curing specimens in the lime bath or in the sandpit produced specimens with equivalent flexural strengths. Air curing of specimens did not produce specimens with a strength equivalent to the strength of specimens cured in either the lime bath or sandpit. 3. The temperature-matched curing technique was able to produce specimens with strengths within 10 percent of the flexural strength required for opening the pavement to traffic. This result was repeated in the field based on maturity values. 4. With respect to compressive strength, the specimens cured in the sandpit and the specimens cured in air were the most similar. The strengths of the specimens cured in the lime bath were different than the strengths of the specimens cured in the other two curing conditions. 5. The ambient temperature in which the concrete was cured had a significant influence on the maturity development of the concrete. The sandpit-cured specimens most accurately matched the maturity development of the pavement in the field study (within 6 percent). The lime-bath, sandpit and air-cured specimens all matched the maturity of the pavement to within 14 percent. The temperature-match cured specimens matched the maturity development in the pavement to within 1 percent in laboratory studies. 6. It appears that there was no difference between the maturity development in beam specimens and cylinder specimens. Air curing of specimens has a greater effect on the maturity-strength relationship of beam specimens than on cylinder specimens. Also, the temperature match-cured specimens validated the maturity curve for the concrete. 32- ImplementationCurrently INDOT specifies two different types of field curing: lime bath and sandpit curing. Lime bath curing is used for QC/QA pavement construction for specimens made to determine the 7 day flexural strength of the concrete. Sandpit curing...

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Steam curing of concrete

Cited by 132 publications

References 0 publications

Portland Cement Hydration Behavior at Low Temperatures: Views from Calculation and Experimental Study

Portland Cement Hydration Behavior at Low Temperatures: Views from Calculation and Experimental Study

Removing Obstacles for Pavement Cost Reduction by Examining Early Age Opening Requirements: Material Properties

Influence of Curing Conditions on Strength Properties and Maturity Development of Concrete

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