Steady-state visual evoked potentials and travelling waves

Burkitt, Guy; Silberstein, Richard B.; Cadusch, Peter J.; Wood, Andrew W.

doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(99)00194-7

Cited by 149 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Nunez et al 2001). Burkitt et al (2000) analyzed phases of steady-state visual-evoked potentials and observed evoked traveling waves with a velocity ranging from 7 to 11. These estimates, however, were obtained after correcting for cortical folding by using a folding factor of ϳ2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

P1 and Traveling Alpha Waves: Evidence for Evoked Oscillations

Klimesch¹,

Hanslmayr²,

Sauseng³

et al. 2007

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Klimesch W, Hanslmayr S, Sauseng P, Gruber WR, Doppelmayr M. P1 and traveling alpha waves: evidence for evoked oscillations. J Neurophysiol 97: [1311][1312][1313][1314][1315][1316][1317][1318] 2007. First published December 13, 2006; doi:10.1152/jn.00876.2006. The hypothesis is tested whether the P1 of the event-related potential (ERP) component behaves like an evoked, traveling alpha wave. This hypothesis is based on different kinds of evidence showing, e.g., that-after undergoing phase reorganization-frequencies in the broad alpha range become synchronized (aligned) in absolute phase and contribute significantly to the generation of the P1. We investigated data from a Stroop task in which subjects had to respond only to the color and ignore the meaning of the presented words. Analyzing topographical phase relationships expressed in terms of traveling speed (with respect to Pz as trailing site) revealed that a systematic posterior to anterior traveling pattern appeared only in the broad time window of the P1-N1 complex and in the extended alpha frequency range. The obtained findings are consistent with the oscillatory ERP model and suggest that the P1 component may be considered a manifestation of an evoked, traveling alpha wave. We assume that the P1 reflects a top-down process in a sense that traveling alpha waves control or "gate" the direction of information processing in the brain. In this paper, we focus on P1 latency and the hypothesis that the P1 component behaves like an evoked, traveling alpha wave. This hypothesis is based on the following evidence, linking alpha and early evoked activity. First, we have observed that P1 latency is correlated with individual alpha frequency (IAF) in a sense that short latencies are associated with high IAF and long latencies with low IAF (Klimesch et al. 2004). Second, it was found that evoked oscillations-particularly in the alpha and theta frequency range-become synchronized (aligned) in absolute phase during small time windows that coincide with the latencies of the P1-N1 complex (Gruber et al. 2005;Mormann et al. 2005). We were able to demonstrate that the latencies of the P1 and N1 can be predicted at least in part by a phase alignment between different frequencies particularly in the alpha but also theta frequency range. Third, analyzing m:n phase coupling revealed that coupling between alpha and theta was largest during the time window of the P1-N1 complex (Schack et al. 2005). Fourth, growing evidence supports the oscillatory EEG model, suggesting that early evoked potentials (and the P1 in particular) are generated (at least in part) by a reorganization of phase and not by a superposition of an evoked component on ongoing oscillations with random phase (Barry et al. 2000;Basar 1999;Hanslmayr et al. 2007).These findings suggest that the P1 may be described in terms of an evoked oscillation and raise an interesting question with respect to the topography of P1 latency differences. If the P1 is generated (at least in part) by oscillations in the alpha frequenc...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

P1 and Traveling Alpha Waves: Evidence for Evoked Oscillations

Klimesch¹,

Hanslmayr²,

Sauseng³

et al. 2007

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…In this study, we did not attempt to estimate phase velocities for possible waves with shorter or longer wavelengths than were dictated by our linear electrode arrays. However, other studies of SSVEP using close bipolar electrodes and MEG and have estimated that the bulk of ~10 Hz SSVEP phase velocities along the cortical surface is in the 4 to 12 m/s range (Silberstein, 1995;Nunez, 1995,Burkitt et al, 2000. The difference between these velocity range estimates can be attributed to differences in the analysis methods.…”

Section: Connections To Neocortical Dynamic Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials: Distributed Local Sources and Wave-Like Dynamics Are Sensitive to Flicker Frequency

2006

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Steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) are used in cognitive and clinical studies of brain function because of excellent signal-to-noise ratios and relative immunity to artifacts. SSVEPs also provide a means to characterize preferred frequencies of neocortical dynamic processes. In this study, SSVEPs were recorded with 110 electrodes while subjects viewed random dot patterns flickered between 3 and 30 Hz. Peaks in SSVEP power were observed at delta (3 Hz), lower alpha (7 and 8 Hz), and upper alpha band (12 and 13 Hz) frequencies; the spatial distribution of SSVEP power is also strongly dependent on the input frequency suggesting cortical resonances. We characterized the cortical sources that generate SSVEPs at different input frequencies by applying surface Laplacians and spatial spectral analysis. Laplacian SSVEPs recorded are sensitive to small changes (1-2 Hz) in the input frequency at occipital and parietal electrodes indicating distinct local sources. At 10 Hz, local source activity occurs in multiple cortical regions; Laplacian SSVEPs are also observed in lateral frontal electrodes. Laplacian SSVEPs are negligible at many frontal electrodes that elicit strong potential SSVEPs at delta, lower alpha, and upper alpha bands. One-dimensional (anteriorposterior) spatial spectra indicate that distinct large-scale source distributions contribute SSVEP power in these frequency bands. In the upper alpha band, spatial spectra indicate the presence of long-wavelength (> 15 cm) traveling waves propagating from occipital to prefrontal electrodes. In the delta and lower alpha band, spatial spectra indicate that long-wavelength source distributions over posterior and anterior regions form standing-wave patterns. These results suggest that the SSVEP is generated by both (relatively stationary) localized sources and distributed sources that exhibit characteristics of wave phenomena.

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“…This may be caused by the intrinsic properties of SSVEP. Some researchers have demonstrated that SSVEP can possess the property of a traveling wave [25], which suggests that the phase of SSVEP between various electrodes may be different. Sometimes, they may be inverse to each other, which results in a strongly negative correlation between SSVEP and ERP.…”

Section: The Modulation On Ssvep By Erp In a Cognitive Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amplitude modulation of steady-state visual evoked potentials by event-related potentials in a working memory task

Yao

et al. 2009

J Biol Phys

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Previous studies have shown that the amplitude and phase of the steady-state visual-evoked potential (SSVEP) can be influenced by a cognitive task, yet the mechanism of this influence has not been understood. As the event-related potential (ERP) is the direct neural electric response to a cognitive task, studying the relationship between the SSVEP and ERP would be meaningful in understanding this underlying mechanism. In this work, the traditional average method was applied to extract the ERP directly, following the stimulus of a working memory task, while a technique named steady-state probe topography was utilized to estimate the SSVEP under the simultaneous stimulus of an 8.3-Hz flicker and a working memory task; a comparison between the ERP and SSVEP was completed. The results show that the ERP can modulate the SSVEP amplitude, and for regions where both SSVEP and ERP are strong, the modulation depth is large.

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Steady-state visual evoked potentials and travelling waves

Cited by 149 publications

References 63 publications

P1 and Traveling Alpha Waves: Evidence for Evoked Oscillations

P1 and Traveling Alpha Waves: Evidence for Evoked Oscillations

Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials: Distributed Local Sources and Wave-Like Dynamics Are Sensitive to Flicker Frequency

Amplitude modulation of steady-state visual evoked potentials by event-related potentials in a working memory task

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