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Previous studies have shown that the amplitude and phase of the steady-state visual-evoked potential (SSVEP) can be influenced by a cognitive task, yet the mechanism of this influence has not been understood. As the event-related potential (ERP) is the direct neural electric response to a cognitive task, studying the relationship between the SSVEP and ERP would be meaningful in understanding this underlying mechanism. In this work, the traditional average method was applied to extract the ERP directly, following the stimulus of a working memory task, while a technique named steady-state probe topography was utilized to estimate the SSVEP under the simultaneous stimulus of an 8.3-Hz flicker and a working memory task; a comparison between the ERP and SSVEP was completed. The results show that the ERP can modulate the SSVEP amplitude, and for regions where both SSVEP and ERP are strong, the modulation depth is large.

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As the collateral for the issuance of urban investment bonds (UIBs), land leasing revenue is the fund that is used to repay the debt with large-scale land hoarding and increasing land price due to China’s rapid urbanization. This paper employs the fixed effect model and panel data from 2006 to 2015 to analyze the influence of land hoarding and price on debt scale and risk of local governments. Results reveal that both land hoarding scale and land price exhibit a positive influence on the UIBs’ scale and risk. However, regional differences are evident. In the Eastern region, the correlation between land asset and UIBs can be testified.

Land value appreciation in the urbanization process has triggered market speculation. The Land Bank System strengthens local governments’ ability to control land supply and distribution rights. Local governments are considered close stakeholders. Under the pressure of guaranteeing economic growth and promotion, local governments have increased their dependence on land finances. It is important for investors to understand the local governments’ behaviors, and draw up business strategies. This study aims to examine the influencing factors and formation mechanism of local government land hoarding. The research hypothesis was tested by collating provincial-level panel data of China from 2004 to 2015 and using dynamic panel data estimated by the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). A significant positive correlation was found between residential land price and land hoarding area by local governments. Land speculation in the eastern region is also more pronounced than that in central and western regions. In addition, empirical studies have found a correlation between the degree of government intervention and local government land hoarding behavior. The higher the degree of government intervention, the less land sold through bid invitation, auction, and listing, which are linked to the corresponding hoarding land area.

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Direct-coupled cavity bandpass filters with Chebyshev response are studied and realized, using the technique of planar substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) for the purpose of high-density integration and cost reduction. Using a general mode-matching technique, the scattering matrix of waveguide bifurcationtype discontinuity and asymmetric iris are established and analyzed. Such discontinuities are used as coupling components and building blocks in the design of filters that are realized on RT/duroid 6002 with the ordinary printed circuit board process in our work. Measurement for one of the three four-pole filters gives 3.4 dB insertion loss and 17 dB return loss over the whole passband at near 24 GHz (K -band) with 440-MHz bandwidth (1.8%). The design method can be widely adopted for the development of microwave-integrated circuits, and the mass-fabrication of such SIW filters can be made easy while maintaining a very low cost.INDEX TERMS Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), band-pass filter, Chebyshev response function, dielectric loss, and conductor loss.

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