“…For academic debates see:Green (2001),Smith (2019), andWaltz (2000). For policy debates see:Armacost (1996),Armitage and Nye (2007, 2012, 2000,Kelley (1989),Ozawa (1994), and Rinehart (2013).2 For example, in light of the 2016 negotiations over the renewal of cost-sharing arrangement, House representative Go Shinohara, of former Japan Innovation Party, questioned the need to increase Japan's burden during a plenary session of the Diet, arguing that Japan already bears a per capita burden rate larger than any other ally. He further inquired about the rationale behind increasing the level of HNS given Japan's increased human contributions as part of responsibility-sharing.…”