Status report from ‘double agent HLA’: Health and disease

Dyer, Philip A.; McGilvray, Roger; Robertson, Victoria; Turner, David M.

doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2012.08.016

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The normal function of HLA class I proteins is a presentation of peptides from expired or defective intracellular proteins and peptides from invasive viruses from within the cell to the T cell receptor (TCR) on CD8 + T cells (often cytotoxic) leading to immune mechanisms which destroy the cell. HLA proteins also interact with killer inhibitory receptors (KIR) expressed on the surface of natural killer (NK) cells, often leading to inhibition of NK cell activity [4][5][6] (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Hla Class I and Iimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Role of Human Leukocyte Antigen in Health and Disease

2015

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Most of the genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region express high polymorphism that is fundamental for their function. The most important function of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecule is in the induction, regulation of immune responses and the selection of the T cell repertoire. A clinician's attention is normally drawn to a system only when it malfunctions. The HLA system is no exception in this regard, but in contrast to other systems, it also arouses interest when it functions well -too well, in fact. Population studies carried out over the last several decades have identified a long list of human diseases that are significantly more common among individuals that carry particular HLA alleles including inflammatory, autoimmune and malignant disorders. HLAdisease association is the name of this phenomenon, and the mechanism underlying is still a subject of hot debate. Social behaviours are affected by HLA genes and preference for HLA disparate mates may provide 'good genes' for an individual's offspring. Also, certain HLA genes may be associated with shorter life and others with longer lifespan, but the effects depend both on the genetic background and on the environmental conditions. The following is a general overview of the important functional aspects of HLA in health and diseases.

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Section: Hla Class I and Iimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some cases, there is conserved inheritance of alleles on the same chromosome constituting a haplotype. HLA genes and their protein allotypes can sometimes be identified on commonly recognized haplotypes such as HLA-A1, -B8, -Cw7, -DR17, -DR52 and -DQ2 [5].…”

Section: Hla Class I and Iimentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Role of Human Leukocyte Antigen in Health and Disease

2015

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“…Over time, many studies on the association between HLA and the different kinds of leukemia have been performed showing contrasting results [3]. Following these pioneering studies, a broad spectrum of immune-mediated diseases, certain malignancies, longevity, infectious diseases, and adverse reactions to some drugs have been shown to be associated with allelic variants of HLA [4,5]. So far, there appear to be no striking leukemia genetic susceptibility loci in HLA similar in nature and magnitude to those seen for autoimmune and infectious diseases.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Besides, there is a wide variety of extended HLA genes, some with a role in immunity, some with nonimmune roles and many with unidentified roles. The simultaneous occurrence of two or more alleles at a frequency other than expected by chance is termed allelic association or linkage disequilibrium, and there is strong linkage disequilibrium between several of the extended HLA loci [4,6]. …”

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confidence: 99%