Status of thermal comfort in naturally ventilated classrooms during the summer season in the composite climate of India

Singh, Manoj Kumar; Kumar, Sanjay; Ooka, Ryozo; Rijal, Hom Bahadur; Gupta, Gyanesh; Kumar, Anuj

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.11.031

Cited by 104 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A ceiling fan producing a speed between 0.5 m/s and 1.0 m/s in a room's occupied zone compensates for 2 -3 °C temperature increase in the room [12,23], and speeds above 1 m/s contribute up to 4 °C. Assorted laboratory studies have confirmed this cooling effect (reference [22] reviews classic ceiling fan studies [24,25]), and these values have also been consistently observed in field studies of building types such as office, education, fitness centers, factories [12,14,[26][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Comfort Zones and Air Quality Effects Under Elevated Air Movmentioning

confidence: 73%

Ceiling-fan-integrated air conditioning: Airflow and temperature characteristics of a sidewall-supply jet interacting with a ceiling fan

Chen

Zhang

Arens

et al. 2020

Building and Environment

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Ceiling-Fan-Integrated Air Conditioning (CFIAC) is a proposed system that can greatly increase buildings' cooling efficiency. In it, terminal supply ducts and diffusers are replaced by vents/nozzles, jetting supply air toward ceiling fans that serve to mix and distribute it within the room. Because of the fans' air movement, the system provides comfort at higher room temperatures than in conventional commercial/ institutional/retail HVAC. We have experimentally evaluated CFIAC in a test room. This paper covers the distributions of airspeed, temperature, and calculated comfort level throughout the room. Two subsequent papers report tests of human subject comfort and ventilation effectiveness in the same experimental conditions. The room's supply air emerged from a high-sidewall vent directed toward a ceiling fan on the jet centerline; we also tested this same jet on a fan located off to the side of the jet. Primary variables are: ceiling fan flow volumes in downward and upward directions, supply air volume, and room-vs-supply temperature difference. Velocity, turbulence, and temperature distributions are presented for vertical and horizontal transects of the room. The occupied zone is then evaluated for velocity and temperature non-uniformity, and for comfort as predicted by the ASHRAE Standard 55 elevated air speed method. We show that temperatures are well-mixed and uniform across the room for all of the fan-on configurations, for fans both within or out of the supply jet centerline. The ceiling fan flow dominates the CFIAC airflow, and even though non-uniform is capable of providing comfortable conditions throughout the occupied area of the room.

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Section: Comfort Zones and Air Quality Effects Under Elevated Air Movmentioning

confidence: 73%

Ceiling-fan-integrated air conditioning: Airflow and temperature characteristics of a sidewall-supply jet interacting with a ceiling fan

Chen

Zhang

Arens

et al. 2020

Building and Environment

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“…2 Furthermore, in naturally ventilated buildings, results from field measurements are widely accepted to predict the comfort temperature of occupants. 6 This study adopts field research as the research methodology since all the classroom buildings in the study area are naturally ventilated.…”

Section: Case Study Schoolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the perception of thermal environment in naturally ventilated schools in a warm and humid climate in Nigeria

Munonye

2020

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology

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Field study was conducted in naturally ventilated primary school buildings in a warm and humid environment in Imo State, Nigeria to determine the thermal comfort perception of young children (aged 7–12 years) and to understand the thermal conditions in the classrooms. The comfort temperature was investigated in two types of classroom buildings during the rainy and dry seasons from October 2017 to May 2018. Approximately 7050 completed valid questionnaires were collected from 330 young children repeatedly surveyed twice a day. The children answered comfort questions at the same time the indoor and outdoor thermal variables were being measured. Results indicated that the combined ‘open-space’ classrooms produced a neutral temperature of 28.8°C with comfort range, 25.2–32.3°C. The neutral temperature of the combined ‘enclosed-plan’ classrooms is 28.1°C with 25.8–30.5°C as the comfort range. The differences in the comfort perceptions may be attributed to the differences in the architectural characteristics of both categories of classroom buildings. High temperature tolerance was shown by the participating children in the study area. This article, therefore, suggests that installing air conditioning in primary schools in the warm humid environment in Nigeria may not be necessary as it could lead to unnecessary energy consumption and carbon emission. Practical application: This work is part of the main research work that pioneers research on thermal comfort in public primary school classrooms in Nigeria. The findings from this study on the acceptable indoor temperatures in naturally ventilated classrooms in the warm and humid climate in Nigeria are important information for building services engineers and architects. The young children in these classrooms can accept high indoor temperatures. The intention of this information is to discourage high energy usage in heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system in primary school buildings in the study area, while maintaining the acceptable thermal comfort levels.

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“…One of the studies pointed out the usage of environmental controls constrained by economic affordability, indicating pre‐bound effect in Indian residences 90 . Cultural preferences and attitudinal impacts have also been discussed briefly in a few studies 5,91 . Mishra & Ramgopal 84 witnessed energy‐conscious university students were forgiving to the thermal inadequacies in the indoor environment while Indraganti 5 observed limited clothing adaptation among females due to cultural conformities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…,91 Mishra & Ramgopal84 witnessed energy-conscious university students were forgiving to the thermal inadequacies in the indoor environment whileIndraganti 5 observed limited clothing adaptation among females due to cultural conformities. Though occupant factors have been investigated in Indian thermal comfort studies, the literature lacks an all-inclusive approach where these factors combined with behavioral effects are considered.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking indoor thermal comfort in the era of rebound and pre‐bound effect for the developing world: A systematic review

2020

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Indoor Air. 2020;30:377-395. | 377 wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ina | INTRODUC TI ONThermal comfort is defined as the condition of mind which expresses satisfaction within the thermal environment and is assessed by subjective evaluation. 1 Though this definition aptly stresses on judgment of comfort being a cognitive process, it does not describe precisely as to what is meant by the condition of mind or satisfaction. 2 Thermal comfort, in general, depends on six environmental and personal parameters-air temperature, mean radiant temperature, air velocity, relative humidity, clothing level, and metabolic rate. 3 The adaptive model further considers the effects of psychological, physiological, and behavioral aspects in determining comfort but only at an aggregated level. Moreover, aspects related to sociocultural practices, thermal history, context, and income are not comprehensively considered in the existing thermal comfort models. 4-6 This increases the complexities in evaluating thermal comfort and hence even after significant years of research in this domain, predicting conditions to ensure comfort remains imprecise.Thermal comfort studies are necessary because they have a significant impact on occupant's health, well-being, and productivity. [7][8][9] Long-term exposure of subjects to indoor environments, which are not acceptable, causes discomfort leading to negative health impacts. 8 At the same time, in the era of energy deficit and prudent energy consumption, the need to study thermal comfort becomes even more crucial as it dictates the energy use in buildings. 10,11 Additionally, increasing dispensable income, lowering cost of energy services and the desire for thermal delight among the occupants has led to changes in comfort preferences, behavior, and usage patterns. AbstractThis paper presents a review on thermal comfort research that is informed by changes in occupant behavior, lifestyle, and income leading to rebound or pre-bound effect. It explores the current state of research in thermal comfort domain through a systematic review to identify the gaps and opportunities specifically focusing on energyintensive developing countries. This review argues that adaptive thermal comfort is a continuously evolving domain owing to dynamic modifications in occupant behavior occurring from changes in the cost of energy services and preference of comfort (rebound/pre-bound effect). A conceptual framework linking thermal comfort, rebound/pre-bound effect, and occupant behavior is forwarded through the introduction of an exogenous factor related to occupant well-being. The results ascertain that there is a need of localized thermal comfort model with an occupant-centric approach that can help in enhancing comfort and reducing energy consumption. K E Y W O R D Sadaptation, behavior, India, occupant, rebound, thermal comfort

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Status of thermal comfort in naturally ventilated classrooms during the summer season in the composite climate of India

Cited by 104 publications

References 35 publications

Ceiling-fan-integrated air conditioning: Airflow and temperature characteristics of a sidewall-supply jet interacting with a ceiling fan

Ceiling-fan-integrated air conditioning: Airflow and temperature characteristics of a sidewall-supply jet interacting with a ceiling fan

Evaluating the perception of thermal environment in naturally ventilated schools in a warm and humid climate in Nigeria

Rethinking indoor thermal comfort in the era of rebound and pre‐bound effect for the developing world: A systematic review

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