Status of forest birds in Japan

睦之, 植田; 晶子, 福井; 悠一, 山浦; 裕, 山本

doi:10.3838/jjo.60.19

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…1 on the right we show the gas density, which clearly shows the bowshock and the wind termination shock, with the shocked gas layer in between. The distance between the shocks and the star is approximately 0.3 pc, which corresponds to observations (Ueta et al 2008). The shocked gas region shows that the contact discontinuity between shocked wind and shocked ISM is subject to Rayleigh-Taylor type instabilities, which dominate the interaction front.…”

Section: Gas and Dust Distributionssupporting

confidence: 67%

“…As input parameters for our simulations we use the observations of α-Orionis, a typical example of a fast moving evolved star, as obtained by Ueta et al (2008). This gives us a gas mass-loss rate ofṀ gas = 3 × 10 −6 M ⊙ /yr, injected at wind velocity v wind = 15 km/s.…”

Section: Simulation Parameters and Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an example, we have investigated the behavior of dust grains in the circumstellar environment of a fast moving red supergiant star. As input parameters we use the values obtained for α-Orionis, which has been observed in infrared with the AKARI Satellite (Ueta et al 2008). This star shows evidence of a bow shock, indicating that it is moving through the ISM at a velocity of 40 n −0.5 H km/s with n H the dimensionless local hydrogen density (Ueta et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computing the Dust Distribution in the Bow Shock of a Fast-Moving, Evolved Star

Marle¹,

Méliani²,

Keppens³

et al. 2011

ApJ

128

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We study the hydrodynamical behavior occurring in the turbulent interaction zone of a fast moving red supergiant star, where the circumstellar and interstellar material collide. In this wind-interstellar medium collision, the familiar bow shock, contact discontinuity, and wind termination shock morphology forms, with localized instability development.Our model includes a detailed treatment of dust grains in the stellar wind, and takes into account the drag forces between dust and gas. The dust is treated as pressureless gas components binned per grainsize, for which we use ten representative grainsize bins. Our simulations allow to deduce how dust grains of varying sizes become distributed throughout the circumstellar medium.We show that smaller dust grains (radius < 0.045µm) tend to be strongly bound to the gas and therefore follow the gas density distribution closely, with intricate finestructure due to essentially hydrodynamical instabilities at the windrelated contact discontinuity. Larger grains which are more resistant to drag forces are shown to have their own unique dust distribution, with progressive deviations from the gas morphology. Specifically, small dust grains stay entirely within the zone bound by shocked wind material. The large grains are capable of leaving the shocked wind layer, and can penetrate into the shocked or even unshocked interstellar medium. Depending on how the number of dust grains varies with grainsize, this should leave a clear imprint in infrared observations of bowshocks of red supergiants and other evolved stars.

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Section: Gas and Dust Distributionssupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Simulation Parameters and Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Computing the Dust Distribution in the Bow Shock of a Fast-Moving, Evolved Star

Marle¹,

Méliani²,

Keppens³

et al. 2011

ApJ

128

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“…Bow shocks can be bright in the thermal infrared, when the accumulated interstellar material, or the stellar wind itself, is rich in dust. Examples of these structures around evolved stars abound, including the case of the Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) star R Hya (Ueta et al 2006;Wareing et al 2006) and the supergiant α Ori (Ueta et al 2008a). The Mira variable class prototype o Ceti also shows a complex infrared bow shock structure, associated with a UV and infrared-bright "cometary tail" that is generated as the star plows at high velocity through its local ISM (Ueta 2008b).…”

Section: A Far-ir Bow Shock?mentioning

confidence: 99%

An INFRARED NEBULA ASSOCIATED WITH Δ CEPHEI: EVIDENCE OF MASS LOSS?

Marengo¹,

Evans²,

Barmby³

et al. 2010

ApJ

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We present the discovery of an infrared nebula around the Cepheid prototype δ Cephei and its hot companion HD 213307. Large scale (∼ 2.1 · 10 4 AU) nebulosity is detected at 5.8, 8.0, 24 and 70 µm. Surrounding the two stars, the 5.8 and 8.0 µm emission is largely attributable to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) emission swept from the ISM by a wind originating from δ Cephei and/or its companion. Stochastically heated small dust grains are the most likely source of the 24 and 70 µm extended emission. The 70 µm emission, in particular, resembles a bow shock aligned in the direction of the proper motion of δ Cephei. This discovery supports the hypothesis that δ Cephei may be currently losing mass, at a rate in the range ≈ 5 · 10 −9 to 6 · 10 −8 M ⊙ yr −1 .

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“…Based on previous reports (Kiyosu, 1965;Takagawa et al, 2011;Ueta, Fukui, Yamaura, & Yamamoto, 2011;Yamaura et al, 2011), we categorized all bird species into three groups by migratory traits (LD migrants, SD migrants, and residents) and two groups by habitat preference (forest and grassland, i.e., generalists were also categorized into either group; Appendix S3). Next, we determined the relative species richness of all species and of each group (residents, SD migrants, and LD migrants) during each season at each site.…”

Section: Bird Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality in spatial distribution: Climate and land use have contrasting effects on the species richness of breeding and wintering birds

Kawamura

Yamaura

Senzaki

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Aim Many studies have examined large‐scale distributions of various taxa and their drivers, emphasizing the importance of climate, topography, and land use. Most studies have dealt with distributions over a single season or annually without considering seasonality. However, animal distributions and their drivers can differ among seasons because many animals migrate to suitable climates and areas with abundant prey resources. We aim to clarify seasonality in bird distributions and their drivers. Location Japan. Methods We examined the effects of climate (annual mean temperature, snow depth), topography (elevation), and land use (extent of surrounding habitat) on bird species richness, in the breeding and wintering seasons separately, using nationwide data (254 forest and 43 grassland sites, respectively). We separately analyzed the species richness of all species, residents, short‐, and long‐distance migrants in forests and grasslands. Results In the breeding season, the annual mean temperature negatively affected all groups (except for forest and grassland residents), and the extent of surrounding habitat positively affected many groups. By contrast, in the wintering season, temperature positively affected all groups (except for forest residents), and the extent of surrounding habitat positively affected only grassland long‐distance migrants. In both seasons, the species richness of forest and grassland residents was high in regions of moderate and high temperature, respectively. Moreover, snow depth negatively affected all forest groups in the wintering season. Mapping expected species richness suggested that regions with different climates served as habitats for different groups during different seasons. Main conclusions All regions were important bird habitats depending on the season, reflecting the contrasting effects of temperature across seasons. In the breeding season, surrounding land use was also an important driver. To understand the seasonal role that each region and environment plays in maintaining species/communities, a large‐scale study considering both environmental seasonality and species distribution is needed.

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Status of forest birds in Japan

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Computing the Dust Distribution in the Bow Shock of a Fast-Moving, Evolved Star

Computing the Dust Distribution in the Bow Shock of a Fast-Moving, Evolved Star

An INFRARED NEBULA ASSOCIATED WITH Δ CEPHEI: EVIDENCE OF MASS LOSS?

Seasonality in spatial distribution: Climate and land use have contrasting effects on the species richness of breeding and wintering birds

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