Status of benzimidazole resistance in intestinal nematode populations of livestock in Brazil: a systematic review

Abstract

BackgroundBenzimidazoles (BZ) are a class of drugs widely used in veterinary and human medicine, creating a great selection pressure and the emergence of BZ resistance. We conducted a systematic review to assess the status of resistance and/or effectiveness reduction of BZ drugs in animal nematodes in Brazil, and make information accessible to the scientific community, as many studies are published in Portuguese. PubMed, SciELO Brasil, LILACS/Bireme, GNTD database, and Google Scholar were searched with no language restrictions.ResultsA total of 40 studies met our eligibility criteria (from the year 1989 forward). Sheep was the host most frequently analysed, and albendazole was the most frequently drug studied. The majority of studies (75.7%) showed that BZ drugs are insufficiently active (FECRT <80%) against nematode parasites of livestock. The mean FECRT for fenbendazole, thiabendazole, albendazole, mebendazole, oxfendazole, and ricobendazole were 71.8%, 71.8%, 58.6%, 53.9%, 46.9%, and 41.5%, respectively. It was observed through linear regression that FECRT is significantly reduced over time between 2007 and 2014 (R = −0.653 p = 0.021) for the treatment of cattle with BZ, suggesting progressive loss of effectiveness and increased resistance for these hosts.ConclusionsThe scenario of BZ resistance in nematode populations in Brazil is not favourable. Given the high cost of drug discovery and development, it is urgent to implement control measures and to monitor the effectiveness/resistance to nematodes in livestock in Brazil.

Molecular evidence of hybridization between pig and human Ascaris indicates an interbred species complex infecting humans

“…The finding that A. suum and A. lumbricoides form a genetic complex has important public health implications. Reduced treatment efficacy is not currently a common issue in Ascaris infections among humans or pigs ( Levecke et al, 2018 ; Vercruysse et al, 2011 ; Zuccherato et al, 2018 ), although low efficacy of benzimidazoles is an issue for Trichuris trichiura in humans ( Diawara et al, 2009 ; Furtado et al, 2016 ; Olsen et al, 2009 ) and various intestinal nematodes of veterinary importance ( Jaeger and Carvalho-Costa, 2017 ; Kaplan and Vidyashankar, 2012 ; Wolstenholme et al, 2004 ). Extensive albendazole use in either human or pig populations could lead to resistance in both populations, if cross-species infections are common and produce fertile offspring.…”

Albendazole and Praziquantel: Review and Safety Monitoring in Korea

“…ADZ resistance has not been confirmed in human parasites, but single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with benzimidazole resistance have been identified following genotyping of Necator americanus [ 18 ]. ADZ, fenbendazole, thiabendazole, mebendazole, oxfendazole, and ricobendazole have all been found to progressively lose their anthelmintic efficacy in livestock in Brazil [ 19 ]. This is perhaps not surprising, since ADZ and other benzimidazole derivatives have been used in huge amounts for more than 30 years, which may lead to the appearance of human-resident, drug-resistant helminths.…”

Penggunaan Antiparasit Ivermectin pada Ternak: Antara Manfaat dan Risiko

“…Antara 1960 dan 1990, industri farmasi mengalami kemajuan yang pesat dalam mengembangkan senyawa antiparasit dengan spektrum aktivitas dan tingkat keamanan obat yang tinggi (McKellar and Jackson, 2004). Pada tahun tahun tersebut telah dikembangkan tiga kelas obat anthelmintik dengan cara kerja yang berbeda untuk ruminansia seperti benzimidazoles (Jaeger and Carvalho-Costa, 2017), imidothiazoles (Louw, 1995), tetrahydropyrimidines dan macrocyclic lactones (De Graef et al, 2013).…”