Status and threats to vultures in China

MaMing, Roller; Xu, Guohua

doi:10.4314/vulnew.v68i1.1

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Vulture (Ma & Xu, 2015). Even in winter when food is scarce, plateau pika equipped with high reproductive rate and nondormant characteristics, and a large number of livestock carcasses can still provide food for these three raptors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plateau pika, root voles, and some small finches are the main food sources of Upland Buzzard and Saker falcon (Li, Yi, Li, & Zhang, 2004;Watson & Clarke, 2000). A large number of grazed livestock carcasses and traditional celestial burials on the plateau also can provide abundant food for Himalayan Vulture (Ma & Xu, 2015). Even in winter when food is scarce, plateau pika equipped with high reproductive rate and nondormant characteristics, and a large number of livestock carcasses can still provide food for these three raptors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maxent modeling for predicting the spatial distribution of three raptors in the Sanjiangyuan National Park, China

Zhang

Jiang

Li³

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

112

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Upland buzzard (Buteo hemilasius), Saker falcon (Falco cherrug), and Himalayan vulture (Gyps himalayensis) are three common large raptors in the Sanjiangyuan National Park (SNP), China's first national park. Among them, Upland buzzard and Saker falcon play a significant role in controlling plateau rodent populations and reducing the transmission of pathogens carried by rodents. The Himalayan vulture can provide services for the redistribution and recycling of nutrients in the ecosystem, and play an irreplaceable role in the celestial burial culture of Tibetans in China. Exploring their habitat suitability is important for the protection of the three raptors. Our research was based on the current distribution of Upland buzzard, Saker falcon, and Himalayan vulture that we had extensively surveyed in the Sanjiangyuan National Park from 2016 to 2017. Combined with the correlation analysis of environmental variables, we utilized maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) to evaluate and compare the habitat suitability of the three species in the Sanjiangyuan National Park. Elevation, climate, and human disturbance factors, which had direct or indirect effects on species survival and reproduction, were all included in the model. Among them, elevation was the most important environmental variables affecting the suitability of habitats of three species. Temperature‐related factor was another important predictor. The high (>60%) suitable habitat areas for Upland buzzard, Saker falcon, and Himalayan vulture were 73,017.63, 40,732.78, and 61,654.33 km2, respectively, accounted for 59.32%, 33.09%, and 50.08% of the Sanjiangyuan National Park and their total suitable area (i.e., the sum area of high and moderate habitats) reached 96.07%, 60.59%, and 93.70%, respectively. Besides, the three species have overlapping areas for the suitable habitats, which means that overlapping areas should be highly valued and protected. Therefore, understanding the distribution of suitable habitats of the three raptors can provide useful information and reasonable reference for us to put forward suggestions for their protection and regional management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maxent modeling for predicting the spatial distribution of three raptors in the Sanjiangyuan National Park, China

Zhang

Jiang

Li³

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

112

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“…Все найденные нами 4 гнезда грифов расположены на скалах. Высота скал ed areas, setting up "feeding station", encouraging and restoring the local Mongolian skyburial customs (MaMing et al, 2016;MaMing et al, 2017) as soon as possible. варьирует от 9 до 18 м, высота над ур.…”

Section: результатыunclassified

“…Местное правитель-ство должно как можно скорее принять эффективные меры для охраны грифов, такие как выделение ООПТ, создание подкормочных площадок, а также по-ощрение и восстановление местных монгольских обычаев небесных похо-рон (MaMing et al, 2016;MaMing et al, 2017). (рис.…”

Section: особенности питанияunclassified

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Breeding Ecology of Cinereous Vulture in Tien-Shan Mountains, China

MaMing

Liu

Wang

et al. 2017

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Резюме В 2016-2017 гг. мы наблюдали 4 гнезда чёрных грифов (Aegypius monachus) в центральной части Тянь-Шаня в Синьцзяне, на западе Китая, и прослеживали одну молодую птицу с помощью GPS/GSM трекера. Основным методом полевой работы было длительное наблюдение за гнёздами и описание поведения. Продолжительность полевых работ составила около 40 дней и более 500 часов наблюдений. Все гнёзда грифов были построены на восточно-ориентированных скалах на высоте 2300-2900 м над ур. м, расстояние между ними составило 1-3 км. Места для гнёзд -открытые и крутые уступы, наружный диаметр гнёзд -1,1-1,6 м. Во всех наблюдаемых гнёздах кладка состояла лишь из одного яйца (n=4). Период насиживания длился 52-56 дней, птенец вылуплял-ся в середине апреля. Вес птенцов в среднем составлял: после вылупления -160 г, 17 мая -около 1,50 кг, 14 июня -5,65 кг, 14 июля -8,56 кг (близок к весу взрослых). Период выкармливания птенцов очень длинный -90-105 дней в гнезде, и продолжается после вылета птенцов до октября. Недостаток пищи является одной из причин низкого успеха размножения чёрного грифа. Ключевые слова: чёрный гриф, Aegypius monachus, выбор места для гнезда, успех размножения, питание, Тянь-Шань. Поступила в редакцию: 23.12.2017 г. Принята к публикации: 30.12.2017 г. AbstractDuring 2016 and 2017, we observed 4 nests of the Cinereous Vulture (Aegypius monachus) in the middle of the Tien Shan Mountains, the west of China, and tried to follow them by the GPS/GSM dataloggers. We continuously observed nesting birds and recorded their behavior. The duration of the field works was about 40 days that makes in total more than 500 hours. The results showed that all nests of the vultures were located on the eastern slope of cliffs on the altitude of 2300-2900 meters, with the distance between nests is 1-3 km. Nests were built on the open and steep ledges with the outer diameter of the nest is 1.1-1.6 m. All clutches consists of only one egg (n=4), the incubation period was 52-56 days, and the nestlings hatched in the middle of April; the medium weight of newly hatched nestlings was 160 g. In May 17 th , their weight increased to 1.50 kg, in June 14 th -to 5.65 kg, and in July 14 th the weight of young birds was about 8.56 kg (close to the adult's weight). The brooding period in this species is very long -nestlings stayed for 90-105 days in the nest, and continued to be fed by adult birds till October. Lack of food is one of the main reasons for low reproductive success in this species.

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Old World Vultures Reflect Effects of Environmental Pollutants Through Human Encroachment

Krüger

Botha

Coverdale

et al. 2022

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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African wildlife face challenges from many stressors including current and emerging contaminants, habitat and resource loss, poaching, intentional and unintentional poisoning, and climate‐related environmental change. The plight of African vultures exemplifies these challenges due to environmental contaminants and other stressors acting on individuals and populations that are already threatened or endangered. Many of these threats emanate from increasing human population size and settlement density, habitat loss from changing land use for agriculture, residential areas, and industry, and climate‐related changes in resource availability. Environmental chemicals that are hazardous include legacy chemicals, emerging chemicals of concern, and high‐volume‐use chemicals that are employed as weed killers and in other agricultural applications. Furthermore, there are differences in risk for species living in close proximity to humans or in areas affected by habitat loss, climate, and industry. Monitoring programs are essential to track the status of nesting pairs, offspring survival, longevity, and lifetime productivity. This is important for long‐lived birds, such as vultures, that may be especially vulnerable to chronic exposure to chemicals as obligate scavengers. Furthermore, their position in the food web may increase risk due to biomagnification of chemicals. We review the primary chemical hazards to Old World vultures and the interacting stressors affecting these and other birds. Habitat is a major consideration for vultures, with tree‐nesters and cliff‐nesters potentially experiencing different risks of exposure to environmental chemicals. The present review provides information from long‐term monitoring programs and discusses a range of these threats and their effects on vulture populations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1586–1603. © 2022 SETAC

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Status and threats to vultures in China

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Maxent modeling for predicting the spatial distribution of three raptors in the Sanjiangyuan National Park, China

Maxent modeling for predicting the spatial distribution of three raptors in the Sanjiangyuan National Park, China

Breeding Ecology of Cinereous Vulture in Tien-Shan Mountains, China

Old World Vultures Reflect Effects of Environmental Pollutants Through Human Encroachment

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