Statistics of polarization-dependent gain in fiber Raman amplifiers

Son, E.S.; Lee, J.H.; Chung, Yun Chur

doi:10.1109/jlt.2005.843499

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Therefore, we can assume that 1 2 R g g ≈ and 2 0 g ≈ . Most of the research work of SRS in IM/DD systems chose to transform the coupled equations in Stokes space [6][7][8], because they have simpler forms. The significant flaw of Stokes-matrix equations is that the phase information is not contained.…”

Section: Vector Theory Of 1st Order Srsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The double Rayleigh backscattering (DRB) noise should also be considered in such analysis [4]. The research of DRA has been extensively performed in traditional intensity-modulation direct-detection (IM/DD) systems [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. However, extending such analysis to coherent optical communication systems may not be intuitive, since the phase of multi-level modulation formatted signals was usually not considered.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pump RIN-induced impairments in unrepeatered transmission systems using distributed Raman amplifier

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High spectral efficiency modulation format based unrepeatered transmission systems using distributed Raman amplifier (DRA) have attracted much attention recently. To enhance the reach and optimize system performance, careful design of DRA is required based on the analysis of various types of impairments and their balance. In this paper, we study various pump RIN induced distortions on high spectral efficiency modulation formats. The vector theory of both 1st and higher-order stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) effect using Jones-matrix formalism is presented. The pump RIN will induce three types of distortion on high spectral efficiency signals: intensity noise stemming from SRS, phase noise stemming from cross phase modulation (XPM), and polarization crosstalk stemming from cross polarization modulation (XPolM). An analytical model for the statistical property of relative phase noise (RPN) in higher order DRA without dealing with complex vector theory is derived. The impact of pump RIN induced impairments are analyzed in polarization-multiplexed (PM)-QPSK and PM-16QAM-based unrepeatered systems simulations using 1st, 2nd and 3rd-order forward pumped Raman amplifier. It is shown that at realistic RIN levels, negligible impairments will be induced to PM-QPSK signals in 1st and 2nd order DRA, while non-negligible impairments will occur in 3rd order case. PM-16QAM signals suffer more penalties compared to PM-QPSK with the same on-off gain where both 2nd and 3rd order DRA will cause non-negligible performance degradations. We also investigate the performance of digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms to mitigate such impairments.

show abstract

Section: Vector Theory Of 1st Order Srsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pump RIN-induced impairments in unrepeatered transmission systems using distributed Raman amplifier

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(8) Recently, there have been many efforts to utilize Fiber Raman Amplifier (FRA) in long-distance, high-capacity WDM systems. This is mainly because FRA can improve the optical signal-tonoise ratios and reduce the impacts of fiber nonlinearities [12].…”

Section: Model and Equations Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances of Distributed Optical Fiber Raman Amplifiers in Ultra Wide Wavelength Division Multiplexing Telecommunication Networks

Mohamed¹,

Rashed²,

Eid³

2012

IJCNIS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recently, many research works have been focused on the fiber optic devices for optical communication systems. One of the main interests is on the optical amplifiers to boost a weak signal in the communication systems. In order to overcome the limitations imposed by electrical regeneration, a means of optical amplification was sought. The competing technology emerged: the first was Raman amplification. One reason was that the optical pump powers required for Raman amplification were significantly higher than that for Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA), and the pump laser technology could not reliably deliver the required powers. However, with the improvement of pump laser technology Raman amplification is now an important means of expanding span transmission reach and capacity. We have deeply studied an analytical model for optical Distributed Raman Amplifiers (DRAs) in the transmission signal power and pump power within Raman amplification technique in co-pumped, counter-pumped, and bidirectional pumping direction configurations through different types of fiber cable media. The validity of this model was confirmed by using experimental data and numerical simulations.

show abstract

“…This is mainly because FRA can improve the optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) and reduce the impacts of fiber nonlinearities [16].…”

Section: Modeling Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

High performance efficiency of distributed optical fiber Raman amplifiers for different pumping configurations in different fiber cable schemes

Mohamed¹

2012

Int. J. Comput. Eng. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fiber Raman amplifiers (FRAs) are attractive for ultra wide dense wavelength division multiplexing (UW-DWDM) transmission systems due to their advantages of broad amplification bandwidth and flexible central wavelength. With recent developments of optical pump sources with high power near 1.4 µm wavelength and highly nonlinear fiber having a peak effective Raman gain coefficient more than ten times that of conventional single mode fiber, distributed FRAs (DFRAs) are emerging as a practical optical amplifier technology, especially for opening new wavelength windows such as the short and ultra long wavelength bands. Optical pump powers required for Raman amplification were significantly higher than that for Erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), and the pump laser technology could not reliably deliver the required powers. However, with the improvement of pump laser technology Raman amplification is now an important means of expanding span transmission reach and capacity. In the present paper, we have deeply investigated the proposed model for optical distributed fiber Raman amplifiers in the transmission signal power and pump power within Raman amplification technique in co-pumped, counter-pumped, and bi-directional pumping direction configurations through different types of fiber cable media. The validity of this model was confirmed by using experimental data and numerical simulations.

show abstract

Statistics of polarization-dependent gain in fiber Raman amplifiers

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Pump RIN-induced impairments in unrepeatered transmission systems using distributed Raman amplifier

Pump RIN-induced impairments in unrepeatered transmission systems using distributed Raman amplifier

Recent Advances of Distributed Optical Fiber Raman Amplifiers in Ultra Wide Wavelength Division Multiplexing Telecommunication Networks

High performance efficiency of distributed optical fiber Raman amplifiers for different pumping configurations in different fiber cable schemes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About