Recent Advances of Distributed Optical Fiber Raman Amplifiers in Ultra Wide Wavelength Division Multiplexing Telecommunication Networks

Abstract

Recently, many research works have been focused on the fiber optic devices for optical communication systems. One of the main interests is on the optical amplifiers to boost a weak signal in the communication systems. In order to overcome the limitations imposed by electrical regeneration, a means of optical amplification was sought. The competing technology emerged: the first was Raman amplification. One reason was that the optical pump powers required for Raman amplification were significantly higher than that for Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA), and the pump laser technology could not reliably deliver the required powers. However, with the improvement of pump laser technology Raman amplification is now an important means of expanding span transmission reach and capacity. We have deeply studied an analytical model for optical Distributed Raman Amplifiers (DRAs) in the transmission signal power and pump power within Raman amplification technique in co-pumped, counter-pumped, and bidirectional pumping direction configurations through different types of fiber cable media. The validity of this model was confirmed by using experimental data and numerical simulations.

Bit Error Rate Performance Limitations Due to Raman Amplifier Induced Crosstalk in a WDM Transmission System

“…[15] is shown in Figures 13 and 14. It is seen from the Figures 13 and 14 that our analytical results are close to the results obtained by simulation work [15].…”

“…[15] is shown in Figures 13 and 14. It is seen from the Figures 13 and 14 that our analytical results are close to the results obtained by simulation work [15]. They might have assumed some simple boundary conditions, this may be the probable cause for the small deviation between the simulation and our analytical work.…”

“…The results will find applications in design of WDM transmission system with distributed Raman amplification. Transmission distance, z(Km) Pump power (mW) for forward pumping Comparison of pump power versus transmission distance for forward pumping Reference [15] Our Analytical Result P is = .002 W P ip = .165 W Figure 14: Comparison of pump power versus fiber transmission distance for forward pumping scheme.…”

“…The analytical and simulated works have been reported in Ref. [15] to investigate the performances of distributed Raman fiber amplifier for different pumping scheme such as forward, backward and bi-directional pumping. The analysis of gain flatness of Raman fiber amplifier is reported in Ref.…”