Statistical-Based Approach in Potential Diagnostic Application of Urinary Nucleosides in Urogenital Tract Cancer

Abstract

Urinary nucleosides, namely N,N-dimethylguanosine and N-2-methylguanosine may have the potential to serve as prognostic biomarkers. Gender-specific differences in urogenital tract cancer are likely to occur.

Targeted quantitative metabolomics with a linear mixed-effect model for analysis of urinary nucleosides and deoxynucleosides from bladder cancer patients before and after tumor resection

“…A decreased level in the 2 nd time point was observed for Pse, 3mU, 2dG, 2mG, 8OH2dG, 6mA, 22mG, 5MTA, and MTA, whereas in the case of Ino and U, the level was increased. The metabolites 2,2mG and 2mG, 5-MTA, and 6mA were previously statistically calculated and proposed as tentative urogenital tract cancer markers in our other studies [8,16,37]. For MTA and Ino, a large negative (0.5fold lower concentration) and positive (1.7-fold higher concentration) effect were observed 24 h post-surgery, respectively.…”

“…High correlation indicates qualitative significant differences in changes of modified nucleosides between patients and controls. Moreover, obtained data was also analyzed by Daghir-Wojtkowiak et al [16] with the use of a different statistically based approach, including correlations, associations, and interactions. As a result, two nucleosides, N2,N2-dimethylguanosine and N2-methylguanosine, were considered as mostly associated with the development of urogenital cancer, including bladder cancer.…”

“…The oxidative stress can also trigger numerous diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, or neurodegenerative disorders [11][12][13][14]. Therefore, nucleosides along with deoxynucleosides can be determined in biological fluids for the sake of their potential clinical importance in tumorigenesis [15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

“…Based on the results of our earlier studies, 8 nucleosides and modified nucleosides were selected to be analyzed in the present study, namely, pseudouridine, uridine, N3-methyluridine, inosine, N6-methyladenosine, N2-methylguanosine, N2,N2-dimethylguanosine, and 5-methylthioadenosine [8,16,[34][35][36][37]. It should also be emphasized that previously conducted research was focused on the role of nucleosides and their modified analogues, while modified deoxynucleosides were not included in the studies.…”