Statistical analysis of experimental factors for synthesis of copper oxide and tin oxide for antibacterial applications

Abstract

This research article investigates the impact of three input variables, including Cu Composition (%), Heating Temperature (C), and Milling Time (h), on the final production of copper-tin alloy nanoparticles for the first time. The study uses design of experiments techniques and measures three output responses, including Particle Size (nm), Optical Density (ppm), and Number of Colonies. The research identifies the presence of new Cu3Sn phases in the final structure of nanoparticles. The results demonstrate that all three input factors have a significant impact on nanoparticle production, with mechanical alloying effectively producing nanoparticle powders up to 15 nanometers in size. The study reveals that increasing the percentage of copper in the final alloy leads to stronger antibacterial properties, as demonstrated by increased optical density and decreased colony counts. This work provides valuable insights into the antibacterial properties of copper-tin alloy nanoparticles and the influence of input variables on their structure and properties.

Overview of Surface Modification Strategies for Improving the Properties of Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steels

“…In some cases, acid washing may, in addition to cleaning, improve corrosion resistance by removing parts of the surface. Electro-polishing, pickling, and passivation are the most important methods included in this classification [112][113][114][115]. In this regard, the electro-polishing process typically produces a surface that has an optimal corrosion resistance.…”

Exploring the Effects of Laser Surface Modification on AISI 301LN Steel: A Micro-Mechanical Study

“…The response procedure is a set of mathematical and statistical techniques that are used for modelling and analyzing problems where the desired response is affected by several variables, and its purpose is to optimize this desired response [22]. In most issues related to the response surface methodology, the relationship between the response and the independent variables is unknown.…”

“…Design of Experiments (DoE) is a systematic and efficient method that enables scientists and engineers to study the relationships between multiple input and output variables, known as alias factors and responses, respectively [21,22]. Various Design of Experiments (DoE) methods can be employed to discern the independent and combined impacts of different factors that have the potential to influence measurement outcomes [10,23,24].…”

Characterization and Optimization of Cu-Al2O3 Nanocomposites Synthesized via High Energy Planetary Milling: A Morphological and Structural Study

“…In particular, the production of metal matrix nanocomposites has gained significant attention due to their unique mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Copper-based nanocomposites have been studied extensively due to the high thermal and electrical conductivity of copper [1][2][3][4], as well as its low cost and availability [5,6]. The incorporation of ceramic nanoparticles, such as alumina, into the copper matrix can improve the mechanical properties [7,8], such as hardness and wear resistance, without compromising the electrical and thermal conductivity [9][10][11].…”