Overview of Surface Modification Strategies for Improving the Properties of Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steels

Rezayat, Mohammad; Moghadam, Mojtaba Karami; Moradi, Mahmoud; Casalino, Giuseppe; Rovira, Josep María Puig; Mateo, A.

doi:10.3390/met13071268

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 198 publications

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“…Therefore, it is easy to form crack sources at the interface between austenite and martensite, which leads to many microholes and bulges on the fracture surface (Figure 8d). [ 13 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Tempering Parameters on the Microstructure, Mechanical Property, and the Corresponding Strengthening Mechanism of Metastable 301 Austenitic Stainless Steel

Zhao,

Yang,

Tian

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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Metastable austenitic stainless steels (MASS) are widely used in various industrial applications due to their exceptional mechanical properties. The microstructure of MASS can be regulated through severe plastic deformation, heat treatments, and surface treatments to achieve further improvement of mechanical properties. Herein, nanograin and quasiheterostructure are prepared by cold rolling and annealing process in Fe–17Cr–6Ni MASS. The mechanical response, deformation mechanism, and strengthening contribution of the two steels with representative microstructure are studied. The results indicate that nanograin austenitic steel (803 MPa, 22%) has superior yield strength and similar ductility compared with that of quasiheterostructure steel (600 MPa, 25%). In the nanograin steel, the deformation mechanism is mainly dislocation slip and deformation‐induced martensite transformation, while in quasiheterostructure steel, the deformation twinning is also included for the relative lower stacking fault energy in the coarse grain. The yield strength of nanograin structural steel is about 200 MPa higher than that of quasiheterostructure steel, which can be attributed to the differences in grain refinement strengthening, phase‐transformation strengthening, and precipitation strengthening of Cu particles. The findings presented in this study are informative for modulating MASS properties and ultimately improving the lifespan in a variety of industrial settings.

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“…Therefore, it is easy to form crack sources at the interface between austenite and martensite, which leads to many microholes and bulges on the fracture surface (Figure 8d). [ 13 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, many researchers performed various surface treatment methodologies such as laser treatments to improve the mechanical properties of MASS. [ 13–15 ] Nevertheless, the abovementioned techniques are too complicated to be applied on a large scale in industrial production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Tempering Parameters on the Microstructure, Mechanical Property, and the Corresponding Strengthening Mechanism of Metastable 301 Austenitic Stainless Steel

Zhao,

Yang,

Tian

et al. 2024

steel research int.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, residual stresses are easily introduced during the laser heating and forming process, which may couple with internal initial residual stresses [23,24], resulting in coupled stresses that lead to structural defects such as cracks [25][26][27] and, thus, significantly affecting the stiffness, stability, fatigue strength, and lifespan of components. Based on this, numerous scholars have carried out extensive research on approaches to suppress defects in γ-TiAl alloys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic-Scale Dislocation Structure Evolution and Crystal Ordering Analysis of Melting and Crystallization Microprocesses in Laser Powder Bed Melting of γ-TiAl Alloys

Gu,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Metals

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Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) technology exhibits significant advantages in the manufacturing of components with high dimensional accuracy and intricate internal cavities. However, due to the inherent room-temperature brittleness and high-temperature gradient induced by the laser forming process, the LPBF fabrication of γ-TiAl alloy is often accompanied by the initiation and propagation of defects. The aim of this study is to investigate the forming process of γ-TiAl alloy by the LPBF method through molecular dynamics simulation, and to explain the microparticle arrangement and displacement evolution of the melting and crystallization processes, thus elucidating the link between the variations in the laser process parameters and defect generation during microscopic laser heating. The results show that during the melting process, the peaks of the radial distribution function (RDF) decrease rapidly or even disappear due to laser heating, and the atomic disorder is increased. Although subsequent cooling crystallization reorders the atomic arrangement, the peak value of the RDF after crystallization is still 19.3% lower than that of the original structure. By setting different laser powers (200–800 eV/ps) and scanning speeds (0.2–0.8 Å/ps), the effects of various process parameters on microforming and defect evolution are clarified. When the laser power increases from 200 to 400 eV/ps, the stable value of atomic displacement rises from 6.66 to 320.87, while it rises from 300.54 to 550.14 when the scanning speed is attenuated from 0.8 to 0.4 Å/ps, which indicates that, compared with the scanning speed, the atomic mean-square displacements are relatively more sensitive to the fluctuation of laser power. Dislocation analysis reveals that a higher laser power significantly increases the cooling rate during the forming process, which further aggravates the generation and expansion of dislocation defects.

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“…Notably, LSTH not only manages the heat-affected zone (HAZ) created by the laser beam but also allows adjustment through optimizing laser input parameters to modify surface hardness levels [25][26][27][28]. This technology holds great potential for the automotive industry, where materials like aluminum, prized for their strength-to-weight ratio, face limitations due to low hardness and wear resistance [29,30]. Apart from its medical applications [31][32][33][34][35][36], it is worth noting that the precise functionality of LSTH finds valuable use in treating narrow components, particularly in the automotive industry, where such precision is essential [37][38][39][40][41][42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Surface Transformation Hardening for Automotive Metals: Recent Progress

Karamimoghadam,

Rezayat,

Moradi

et al. 2024

Metals

Self Cite

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This article discusses recent advancements in the Laser Surface Transformation Hardening (LSTH) process applied to industrial metals. It focuses on examining the microstructure of the metal surface layer and explores different methods of performing LSTH to evaluate mechanical and surface properties. The study also investigates the utilization of various industrial lasers and simulation software for the LSTH process. The careful analysis of heat transfer and temperature control during LSTH aims to prevent the generation of surface defects like micro-cracks and surface melting. Finite element method (FEM) software effectively simulates the LSTH process. The research provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in LSTH, categorized based on different metals and subsequent testing, highlighting its applications in the automotive industry. Electrochemical, wear, and microhardness tests are investigated to assess the potential applications of automotive metals.

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Overview of Surface Modification Strategies for Improving the Properties of Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steels

Cited by 23 publications

References 198 publications

The Influence of Tempering Parameters on the Microstructure, Mechanical Property, and the Corresponding Strengthening Mechanism of Metastable 301 Austenitic Stainless Steel

The Influence of Tempering Parameters on the Microstructure, Mechanical Property, and the Corresponding Strengthening Mechanism of Metastable 301 Austenitic Stainless Steel

Atomic-Scale Dislocation Structure Evolution and Crystal Ordering Analysis of Melting and Crystallization Microprocesses in Laser Powder Bed Melting of γ-TiAl Alloys

Laser Surface Transformation Hardening for Automotive Metals: Recent Progress

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