Statistical analysis and optimal design of polymer inclusion membrane for water treatment by Co(II) removal

Abstract

Recently, there is a huge volume of polluted wastewater released from the industries, which adversely affects the environment and human health. As a result, finding a simple, inexpensive, and efficient strategy for water purification is one of the major concerns of researchers. In this study, based on the scope of heavy metals removal from the polluted water, the polymer inclusion membrane has been employed for Co(II) removal. In this way, the main separation parameters in the membrane structure and aqueous phases including carrier percentage, percentage of plasticizer, pH of source phase, and receiving phase acid concentration have been considered at the room temperature and atmospheric pressure, simultaneously, by applying the response surface methodology. The range of considered parameters varied between 5 and 35%wt (total weight of the reference membrane), 40-70%wt (total weight of the reference membrane), 2.5-6.5, and 0.5-2.5 mol L -1 for the carrier percentage, percentage of plasticizer, pH of the source phase, and receiving phase acid concentration, respectively. The statistical analysis of experimental tests showed an admissible agreement between these values and model outputs by developing acceptable results for Adj-R 2 (0.9978) and p-value (p < 0.0001). Also, the ion removal has been optimized by maximizing the removal factor at a constant time of 24 h (%RF max = 73.25%) to achieve the optimum quantities of considered parameters. A test in the optimal operational conditions with the removal factor of 73.99% verified the reliability and accuracy of the proposed model. Finally, the interaction coefficients between the considered variables are completely analyzed to have a better grasp about the polymer inclusion membranes.

Designing a simple volumetric apparatus for measuring gas adsorption equilibria and kinetics of sorption. Application and validation for CO2, CH4 and N2 adsorption in binder-free beads of 4A zeolite

“…The first step to develop a RSM model is finding the main independent variables of process as factors of the model, which are defined in three levels coded as − 1, 0 and + 1 [54,55]. Then, various regression analyses are employed to determine the interaction effects between the considered factors and develop surface response [56]. In this study, the statistical analysis of equilibrium adsorption data was accomplished by considering the equilibrium pressure (Pe) and adsorption temperature as main factors (independent variables), which determine the adsorption loading (q) as response of the process.…”

“…It is worth mentioning that a significant model should have a non-significant lackof-fit and acceptable p-values [1,55]. Finally, the accuracy of model is determined by evaluating the regression coefficients (R 2 and adjusted R 2 ) and the standard deviation, which defined by [56,57]:…”

Integration of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) as an Optimization Tool for Polymer Inclusion Membrane Based-Optodes Designed for Hg(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II)

“…This approach has been applied in investigations that involve analysis of the interaction of independent variables and their influence on an answer (dependent variables) [ 26 , 27 ]. In the area of PIMs, RMS has been used as a tool to establish the influence of the components of a membrane or pH and concentrations of feed or strip solutions in the determination of different metals [ 18 , 28 ].…”

“…PIMs are a type of membrane in which the chromophore agent is contained within the polymeric network of a non-porous support in the presence or absence of a plasticizer. They have been used for sensing Co(II) [ 17 , 18 ], Al(III) [ 14 , 19 , 20 ], Zn(II) [ 21 ], and Cu(II) [ 22 ], among other metal ions. A recent overview of PIM applications, including sensors, has been presented elsewhere [ 23 ].…”

A Brief Review on Fundamentals of Conductive Polymer (CPs)

“…Conducting polymers shows high optical and electrical properties when it is irradiated with visible light having high photon adsorption co-efficiency. Thus, it can be used in the degradation of soluble toxic materials present in water [4,5] . Midya et al had synthesized by in-situ carbon dot (CDs) deposited functionalized chitosan (polypyrrole grafted chitosan) with increased photocatalytic activity towards degradation of hazardous 2-chloro phenol (2-CP) into tiny molecules [6] .…”