Carrier-mediated transport through supported liquid membranes is currently recognized as a
potentially valuable technology for selective separation and concentration of toxic and valuable
metal ions. In this paper, a review of the fundamental aspects concerning metal ion transport
and the influencing factors are surveyed in terms of data modeling, membrane efficiency
(permeability, selectivity, stability), and data acquisition and evaluation. An account of the
information reviewed demonstrates the need for critical reflection on system performances in
order to accomplish scaling up operations. On the same basis, an attempt to outline some future
trends in the field is presented.
A feasibility study to predict antimicrobial and antioxidant activity properties of propolis extracts using 700-MHz 1H-NMR spectra and multivariate regression data analysis is presented. The study was conducted with thirty-five propolis samples to develop a rapid and reliable method for the evaluation of their quality. The extracts have been evaluated by measuring phenolic and flavonoid contents; the antioxidant activity; and the antimicrobial activity. The obtained spectral data were submitted to multivariate calibration (partial least squares (PLS) and orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS)) to correlate the relative intensity and position of NMR resonance peaks with the metabolites contents and biological activities. The developed PLS and OPLS model were successfully applied to the determination of the target properties for proof of the concept. The OPLS observed vs. predicted properties plots indicate the absence of systematic errors with determination coefficients between the ranges 0.7207 to 0.9990. Up to 86.1% of explication of variation in the spectral data and 99.9% in the measured properties were attained with 88.6% of prediction capabilities in the best case (S. mutans activity) according to the cross-validation procedure. The figures of merit of the developed PLS and OPLS methods were evaluated and compared as well.
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