Statistical analysis and modeling of VLF/ELF noise in coal mines for through-the-earth wireless communications

Yan, Lincan; Waynert, J. A.; Sunderman, Carl; Damiano, Nicholas W.

doi:10.1109/ias.2014.6978457

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The study of electromagnetic noise levels at the surface and underground as in [2, 6, 19, 22, 23] may be used in conjunction with these models to compute the link budget used for communications in coal mines through the vertical‐axis transmission.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propagation loss and apparent conductivity models for through‐the‐earth communication in sedimentary soil

Carreño¹,

Barreto²,

Braga³

2019

IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation

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Much of the channel modelling found in the literature for through‐the‐earth communication is based on deterministic formulations that consider few homogeneous layers of soil. However, due to the great variation in the properties of the soil, especially of its electrical conductivity, it is very difficult to generalise channel characterisation with such models. Some empirical models are used to identify apparent conductivity at specific sites in order to determine the propagation loss at these sites at any time. However, the use of these models is limited to the few frequencies used in the reference measurements. This study aims to statistically characterise magnetic field attenuation in underground coal mines. The authors use the Monte Carlo method based on electromagnetic simulations, using the finite element method. The simulations allowed empirical modelling, resulting in optimal operating frequency, propagation loss and apparent electrical conductivity statistics, especially for transmissions at the optimal frequency of each channel.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propagation loss and apparent conductivity models for through‐the‐earth communication in sedimentary soil

Carreño¹,

Barreto²,

Braga³

2019

IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation

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“…Such smaller variation augments the predictability of the link budget in a TTE communication even though, in praxis, it also depends on atmospheric and manmade noise conditions at each site. The study of electromagnetic noise levels at the surface and underground as in [7,8,18,19] may be used in conjunction with this paper to compute the median and the limits of the link budget used for communications in coal mines through vertical-axis transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stochastic Generation of Subsurface Profiles for Realistic Simulation of Through-the-Earth Communication Systems

Carreño

Braga

2019

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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Channel modeling for Through-the-Earth (TTE) communication has mainly been based on deterministic and empirical formulations. Deterministic models are limited to homogeneous rock structures while empirical models are only valid for the same configuration as the measurements that were taken. Given the difficulties in implementing underground measurements taking years to achieve enough database for a variety of mines and depths, we propose, as a more versatile solution, realistic simulations of a variety of underground structures to statistically characterize magnetic field attenuation. An algorithm based on the Monte Carlo method is presented and uses the Finite Element Method (FEM) to compute field propagation through each random structure. An empirical model is produced through simulations, and some metrics are evaluated, such as the median of magnetic field intensity, and the propagation loss, specially at the optimum operation frequency, in which channel variability is less spread when compared to all possible frequencies. This model can be used to estimate link budget for TTE communication in coal mines.

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“…The man-made noise arises from mining machines, transportation vehicles, power generators, transmission lines, etc. [10]. Because of all these factors, the low frequency noise tends to be highly impulsive and cannot be characterized by Gaussian distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Noise Cancellation Based on Time Delay Estimation for Low Frequency Communication

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2018

Applied Sciences

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Low frequency communication, taking advantage of the features of low frequency electromagnetic signals in near field, is widely used in through-the-earth (TTE) wireless applications. However, the low frequency non-Gaussian noise severely limits the communication performance. In this paper, an adaptive noise cancellation algorithm based on time delay estimation (ANC-TDE) and maximum correntropy criterion (MCC) is proposed. The explicit time delay estimation algorithm based on MCC (MCC-ETDE) is used to estimate the time-varying delay and the noise correlationship between the primary input and reference inputs. With a reference noise selected and time delay compensated, the non-Gaussian noise is canceled by adaptive filter based on MCC. The proposed algorithm is implemented on field programmable gate array (FPGA) and the performance is evaluated by simulation and experiment. As shown in the results, the ANC-TDE algorithm can reduce the complexity of ANC filter and adaptively compensate the varied time delay between the primary input and reference input. With the time delay compensated, the ANC-TDE algorithm has better performance in non-Gaussian noise environment and is more suitable for real-time systems.

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Statistical analysis and modeling of VLF/ELF noise in coal mines for through-the-earth wireless communications

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Propagation loss and apparent conductivity models for through‐the‐earth communication in sedimentary soil

Propagation loss and apparent conductivity models for through‐the‐earth communication in sedimentary soil

Stochastic Generation of Subsurface Profiles for Realistic Simulation of Through-the-Earth Communication Systems

Adaptive Noise Cancellation Based on Time Delay Estimation for Low Frequency Communication

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