Statins increase the risk of prostate cancer: A population‐based case–control study

Chang, Chih Ching; Ho, Shu Chen; Chiu, Hui‐Fen; Yang, Chun Yuh

doi:10.1002/pros.21401

Cited by 53 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Yang et al also reported a series individual populationbased case--control studies on lung cancer, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreas cancer and prostate cancer by using the same NHIRD of different periods; they found nonsignificant increased risk of kidney cancer, colon cancer and prostate cancer and decreased risk of lung cancer, pancreas cancer associated with statins [41][42][43][44][45][46]. It is very interesting that their findings are likely to be supported to what we found in our study that is a nonsignificant decreased risk of lung cancer and pancreas cancer, and increased risk of colon cancer and prostate cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…It is very interesting that their findings are likely to be supported to what we found in our study that is a nonsignificant decreased risk of lung cancer and pancreas cancer, and increased risk of colon cancer and prostate cancer. We may probably assume that the statin uses may have a decreased risk of most common cancers in Chinese population, in particular to gastric, liver Regarding statins and risk of most common cancers in the western population, four studies reported a higher risk of colorectal cancer with long-term exposure to statins (over 5 years) [21][22][23][24]; three other studies reported lower risk [29,30,46], but none of these studies demonstrated a statistically significant association between statin use and colorectal cancer risk. For prostate cancer and bladder cancer, the reports from a numerous studies also reported a nonsignificant evidence on the association of statin use and cancer risks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Common cancer risk and statins: a population-based case–control study in a Chinese population

Leung

Chan

et al. 2012

Expert Opinion on Drug Safety

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Common cancer risk and statins: a population-based case–control study in a Chinese population

Leung

Chan

et al. 2012

Expert Opinion on Drug Safety

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“…However, other studies indicated that statins might increase the risk of cancer [41][42][43]. One main objection regarding many statin trials is the short study length with 5 years at most [43], and it may take many years before exposure to carcinogenic substances results in cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myocardial infarction and future risk of cancer in the general population—the Tromsø Study

et al. 2017

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The association between myocardial infarction (MI) and future risk of incident cancer is scarcely investigated. Therefore, we aimed to study the risk of cancer after a first time MI in a large cohort recruited from a general population. Participants in a large population-based study without a previous history of MI or cancer (n=28763) were included and followed from baseline to date of cancer, death, migration or study end. Crude incidence rates (IRs) and hazard ratios (HRs) for cancer after MI were calculated. During a median follow-up of 15.7 years, 1747 subjects developed incident MI, and of these, 146 suffered from a subsequent cancer. In the multivariableadjusted model (adjusted for age, sex, BMI, systolic blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, HDL cholesterol, smoking, physical activity and education level), MI patients had 46% (HR 1.46; 95% CI: 1.21-1.77) higher hazard ratio of cancer compared to those without MI. The increased cancer incidence was highest during the first 6 months after the MI, with a 2.2-fold higher HR (2.15; 95% CI: 1.29-3.58) compared with subjects without MI. After a 2-year period without higher incidence rate, MI patients displayed 60% (HR 1.60; 95% CI: 1.27-2.03) higher HR of future cancer more than 3 years after the event. The increased incidence rates were higher in women than men. Patients with MI had a higher short-and long-term incidence rate of cancer compared to subjects without MI. Our findings suggest that occult cancer and shared risk factors of MI and cancer may partly explain the association.

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“…Early observational studies and randomized controlled trials of cholesterol lowering had raised the possibility of an increase in cancer risk with cholesterol-lowering therapies. 5,6 Some recent case-control studies have conversely suggested lower risks of breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer with statin use, 7,8 and some recent large cohort studies and reviews have found a higher incidence of prostate cancer 23 and a tendency for protection against colorectal cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 †The 240 patients not contacted were tracked through registries, so vital status was complete on >99% of the whole cohort. Open-label treatment (2 years) 4512 assigned pravastatin and diet 4502 assigned placebo and diet 4014 alive at end of main study 3868 alive at end of main study Age group, y, n (%) <55 1021 (23) 1065 (24) 928 (24) 979 (25) 55-64 1708 (38) 1706 (38) 1484 (39) 1520 (39) 65-69 1087 (24) 1081 (24) 860 (23) 920 (23) ≥70 686 (15) 660 (15) 517 (14) 513 (13) Sex, n (%) Men 3742 (83) 3756 (83) 3127 (83) 3269 (83) Women 760 (17) 756 (17) 662 (17) 663 (17) Qualifying event, n (%)…”

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confidence: 99%

Long-Term Effectiveness and Safety of Pravastatin in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease

et al. 2016

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Many trials have shown that inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (or statins) reduce the risk of death and major cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina pectoris. [1][2][3][4] One of these, the Long-term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischemic Disease (LIPID) trial, showed that 6 years of pravastatin treatment resulted in better survival. 4 The longer-term effects of statins on cause-specific mortality and net clinical benefit are still debated, particularly in terms of effects on cancer and other noncardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Older epidemiological and randomized studies of cholesterol lowering had raised safety concerns, Background-We aimed to assess the long-term effects of treatment with statin therapy on all-cause mortality, causespecific mortality, and cancer incidence from extended follow-up of the Long-term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischemic Disease (LIPID) trial. Methods and Results-LIPID initially compared pravastatin and placebo over 6 years in 9014 patients with previous coronary heart disease. After the double-blind period, all patients were offered open-label statin therapy. Data were obtained over a further 10 years from 7721 patients, by direct contact for 2 years, by questionnaires thereafter, and from mortality and cancer registries. During extended follow-up, 85% assigned pravastatin and 84% assigned placebo took statin therapy. Patients assigned pravastatin maintained a significantly lower risk of death from coronary heart disease (relative risk [RR] 83).There were no significant differences in cancer mortality, or in the incidence of organ-specific cancers. Cancer findings were confirmed in a meta-analysis with other large statin trials with extended follow-up. Conclusions-In LIPID, the absolute survival benefit from 6 years of pravastatin treatment appeared to be maintained for the next 10 years, with a similar risk of death among survivors in both groups after the initial period. including possible increased incidence of cancer, overall or for particular cancer sites. [5][6][7][8] Conversely, the possibility of beneficial effects of statins on other non-CVD deaths has also been raised. 9Large statin trials have demonstrated safety over an average of 5 years of treatment.10 For outcomes such as cancer, there may be a long lag between a causal exposure and clinical evidence of disease. In this study, cancer incidence and mortality, and mortality from other causes, as well, were evaluated during 16 years follow-up in the LIPID trial. In addition, we undertook a meta-analysis of cancer events in LIPID together with those in other large statin trials during long-term follow-up. Methods Double-Blind PeriodThe design and results of the original study have been published. 4 Between 1990 and 1992, the trial randomly assigned 9014 patients from 67 centers in Australia and 20 centers in New Zealand with a previous diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina pectoris to pravastatin 40 mg per day ...

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Statins increase the risk of prostate cancer: A population‐based case–control study

Abstract: The results of this case-control study suggest that statins may increase the risk of prostate cancer.

Cited by 53 publications

References 42 publications

Common cancer risk and statins: a population-based case–control study in a Chinese population

Common cancer risk and statins: a population-based case–control study in a Chinese population

Myocardial infarction and future risk of cancer in the general population—the Tromsø Study

Long-Term Effectiveness and Safety of Pravastatin in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease

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