Static or mobile earth: The current scientific revolution

Wilson, J. Tuzo

doi:10.1016/0040-1951(69)90033-x

Cited by 68 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…We apply J. Tuzo Wilson's remarkable idea that ocean basins have a life cycle and that "each stage has its own characteristic rock types and structures" (Wilson, 1968) to Phanerozoic black shales. Black shales may be deposited during most stages of the Wilson Cycle, but the depositional environment and partly also the type of black shale (Fig.…”

Section: J Trabucho-alexandre Et Al: Black Shales and The Wilson Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior to the 1960s plate tectonics revolution, the Earth was largely regarded as a "rigid, stable body whose surface features have evolved slowly by processes [one could] see in action [at present]" (Wilson, 1968). Nowadays, it is amply acknowledged that the transition from intracontinental rift to ocean basin ( Fig.…”

Section: Plate Tectonics and Exogenic Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chamberlin, 1897), on both short and long timescales, and that plate tectonics results in changes in the geography of the Earth that lead to the evolution of depositional environments (cf. Chamberlin, 1909;Wilson, 1968). Correlations have been proposed between the supercontinent cycle, superplume events, black shale deposition and other geological anomalies (e.g.…”

Section: Plate Tectonics and Exogenic Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In spite of this realisation, the interpretation of ancient black shale depositional environments has not been subject to critical reevaluation. Wilson (1966Wilson ( , 1968 described the life cycle of ocean basins ( Fig. 3a-f) and noted that each stage is associated with particular rock types and structures, but did not mention black shales.…”

Section: Existing Depositional Models For Ancient Black Shalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phanerozoic environments of black shale deposition and the Wilson Cycle

Trabucho‐Alexandre

Hay²,

Boer

2012

Solid Earth

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Abstract. The spatial and temporal distribution of black shales is related to the development of environments in which they accumulate and to a propitious combination of environmental variables. In recent years, much has been done to improve our understanding of the mechanisms behind the temporal distribution of black shales in the Phanerozoic and of the environmental variables that result in their deposition. However, the interpretation of ancient black shale depositional environments is dominated by an oversimplistic set of three depositional models that do not capture their complexity and dynamics. These three models, the restricted circulation, the (open) ocean oxygen minimum and the continental shelf models, are an oversimplification of the variety of black shale depositional environments that arise and coexist throughout the course of a basin's Wilson Cycle, i.e. the dynamic sequence of events and stages that characterise the evolution of an ocean basin, from the opening continental rift to the closing orogeny. We examine the spatial distribution of black shales in the context of the Wilson Cycle using examples from the Phanerozoic. It is shown that the geographical distribution of environments of black shale deposition and the position of black shales in the basin infill sequence strongly depend on basin evolution, which controls the development of sedimentary environments where black shales may be deposited. The nature of the black shales that are deposited, i.e. lithology and type of organic matter, also depends on basin evolution and palaeogeography. We propose that in studies of black shales more attention should be given to the sedimentary processes that have led to their formation and to the interpretation of their sedimentary environments.

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Section: J Trabucho-alexandre Et Al: Black Shales and The Wilson Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plate Tectonics and Exogenic Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plate Tectonics and Exogenic Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Existing Depositional Models For Ancient Black Shalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phanerozoic environments of black shale deposition and the Wilson Cycle

Trabucho‐Alexandre

Hay²,

Boer

2012

Solid Earth

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“…Another example is the different views contributing to the acceptance of plate tectonics (e.g. Wilson 1968;Hallum 1973).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-enchanting Realism in Debate with Kyle Stanford

Ruttkamp-Bloem

2013

J Gen Philos Sci

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In this article, against the background of a notion of 'assembled' truth, the evolutionary progressiveness of a theory is suggested as novel and promising explanation for the success of science. A new version of realism in science, referred to as 'naturalised realism' is outlined. Naturalised realism is 'fallibilist' in the unique sense that it captures and mimics the self-corrective core of scientific knowledge and its progress. It is argued that naturalised realism disarms Kyle Stanford's anti-realist 'new induction' threats by showing that 'explanationism' and his 'epistemic instrumentalism' are just two positions among many on a constantly evolving continuum of options between instrumentalism and full-blown realism. In particular it is demonstrated that not only can naturalised realism redefine the terms of realist debate in such a way that no talk of miracles need enter the debate, but it also promises interesting defenses against inductive-and under-determination-based anti-realist arguments.Keywords: Realism, evolutionary progressiveness, continuity, reference, truth, unconceived alternatives IntroductionIn this article a new version of realism in science is outlined that does more justice to our current understanding of the functioning of science and its history than either traditional scientific realism or instrumentalism can do. The proposed version of realism, referred to as 'naturalised realism', is 'fallibilist' in the unique sense that it captures and mimics the self-corrective core of scientific knowledge and its progress. This view may sound like a pessimistic meta-inductivist's dream, but actually this is so only if one evaluates it from within a traditional no-miracles kind of realism. Naturalised realism highlights some of the limitations of dealing with issues of realism in a traditional 'nomiracles' (Putnam 1975, 73), or 'explanationist' (Stanford 2006, context within which approximate truth is presented as the reason for the success of science. Specifically it is shown here that one of the most notable recent attacks on explanationist realism, namely Kyle Stanford's new induction argument, is powerful specifically because he works within explanationist assumptions. Naturalised realism turns on a complex evolutionary view of scientific progress within which Stanford's anti-realist threats are disarmed, not only because of approaching such threats in 2 non-explanationist terms, but mainly because 'explanationism' and Stanford's 'epistemic instrumentalism' are shown to be just two positions among many on a constantly evolving continuum of options between instrumentalism and realism.The article is set out as follows: In section 2 the framework of the current realist/anti-realist debate is briefly set out. This section does not give a full evaluation of explanationism (or of other versions of realism) or even of possible explanationist answers to naturalised realism. The focus is rather on outlining points of difference between some core features of explanationism and those of naturalise...

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Plate Tectonics, Precambrian

Rao¹,

Kumar²,

Babu³

2020

Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics

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Precambrian (>541 million years, Myr) is divisible into the Hadean Eon (>4.0 billion years, Gyr), Archean Eon (4.0-2.5 Gyr), and the Proterozoic Eon (2.5-0.54 Gyr). The Archean and Proterozoic Eons are further divisible into Eras: Eo-archean (4.0-3.6 Gyr), Paleo-archean (3.6-3.2 Gyr), Mesoarchean (3.2-2.8 Gyr), Neo-archean (2.8-2.5 Gyr), Paleoproterozoic (2.5-1.6 Gyr), Meso-proterozoic (1.6-1.0 Gyr), and Neo-proterozoic (1.0-0.541 Gyr). The Phanerozoic Eon corresponds to <541 Myr. These Era names are also used with no hyphen. Zircon (ZrSiO 4) is a mesosilicate found as an accessory phase in a wide compositional range of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks of all ages. Zircon crystallizes in silicate melts and incorporates a wide range of high field strength incompatible elements; most common is Hafnium (Hf) with abundance ranging generally up to 4% by weight. Zircon is used widely in geochronology by the U-Th-Pb method of radiometric dating.

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Static or mobile earth: The current scientific revolution

Cited by 68 publications

References 39 publications

Phanerozoic environments of black shale deposition and the Wilson Cycle

Phanerozoic environments of black shale deposition and the Wilson Cycle

Re-enchanting Realism in Debate with Kyle Stanford

Plate Tectonics, Precambrian

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