State-of-the-art of infections produced by human papillomavirus.

Abstract

Anogenital human papillomavirus infection is the most frequent sexually transmitted disease. Around one hundred genotypes have been identified in humans, and 40 infect the genitalia and anal regions. Fifteen genotypes, classified as high-risk HPVs, are the necessary cause of cervical cancer and have been involved as carcinogenic agents for cancer of the vulva, vagina, anus, penis, and oropharyngeal cavity. Low-risk HPVs are the causative agents of genital warts, and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in both men and women. The number of women harboring HPV-DNA worldwide is estimated to be 300 million. The recently introduced prophylactic HPV vaccines represent a hopeful strategy to prevent HPV infection and HPV-related diseases.