State of the Art of Hydrogen Production via Pyrolysis of Natural Gas

Schneider, Stefan; Bajohr, S.; Graf, Frank; Kolb, Thomas

doi:10.1002/cben.202000014

Cited by 169 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Process approaches on thermal decomposition (KIT process, TRL 3), catalyst/plasma decomposition (TOMSK‐GAZPROM consortium, TRL 3), and catalytic decomposition (e.g., Hazer Group, TRL 3) are still at a very early stage of development. Only BASF's thermal process (carbon granules in a moving bed, TRL 4) is already being further developed for scale‐up 8.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrastructure Challenges Caused by Industrial Transformation to Achieve Greenhouse Gas Neutrality. Ammonia Production in the Antwerp‐Rotterdam‐Rhine‐Ruhr Area

Ausfelder

Beek

Bhardwaj

et al. 2020

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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Several pathways for potentially greenhouse gas neutral production of ammonia have been investigated compared to today's conventional ammonia production at chemical sites in Antwerp, Dormagen, and Geleen. These pathways include on‐site water electrolysis using grid electricity, off‐site production via water electrolysis using renewable electricity and supply of green hydrogen to the site, pyrolysis of natural gas and conventional ammonia production coupled with CO2‐capture on‐site and transport to a storage site. All pathways effectively eliminate scope 1 emissions present in conventional production but continue to emit scope 2 emissions from grid electricity consumption. Eventually, a coordinated industry‐wide and cross‐industry effort is needed to address the transformational changes and develop the common cross‐border infrastructures.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrastructure Challenges Caused by Industrial Transformation to Achieve Greenhouse Gas Neutrality. Ammonia Production in the Antwerp‐Rotterdam‐Rhine‐Ruhr Area

Ausfelder

Beek

Bhardwaj

et al. 2020

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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“…In that case b BT × D CO 2 × (dW BT )/(dI BT ) would be added on the left side. Consequently, the "<" relationship is not true under all circumstances, but-based on [16]-b BT will be small. As a consequence, which also is shown by the specific numbers, the all green scenario would imply significant social costs, especially regarding resource needs and investment money.…”

Section: The Case Of Turquoise Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eventually, there is turquoise hydrogen, which denotes H 2 production via methane pyrolysis. It is supposed that the energy demand here is satisfied by renewable sources, so the result of the procedure is, besides hydrogen, only carbon black [16,17]. As now turquoise hydrogen looks like an equal competitor to green hydrogen we have a closer look at the CO 2 balance.…”

Section: Different Colors Of Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As now turquoise hydrogen looks like an equal competitor to green hydrogen we have a closer look at the CO 2 balance. Actually, as described by [16] for example, there are some CO 2 emission linked to transport and production. From a footprint and a stand-alone full cycle point of view this is correct, but considering the bow wave and marginal point of view at least parts of this emissions if not almost all may not be relevant due to three reasons: First, emission linked to grid use would still be there, and reducing demand would only increase the footprint of the remaining gas usage since gas combustion has a non-linear relationship between output and emission.…”

Section: Different Colors Of Hydrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Future Is Colorful—An Analysis of the CO2 Bow Wave and Why Green Hydrogen Cannot Do It Alone

Döllen¹,

Hwang

Schlüter

2021

Energies

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In both the private and public sectors, green hydrogen is treated as a promising alternative to fossil energy commodities. However, building up production capacities involves significant carbon production, especially when considering secondary infrastructure, e.g., renewable power sources. The amount of required capacity as well as the carbon production involved is calculated in this article. Using Germany as an example we show that the switch to purely green hydrogen involves significant bow waves in terms of carbon production as well as financial and resource demand. An economic model for an optimal decision is derived and—based on empirical estimates—calibrated. It shows that, even if green hydrogen is a competitive technology in the future, using alternatives like turquoise hydrogen or carbon capture and storage is necessary to significantly reduce or even avoid the mentioned bow waves.

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“…In a methane pyrolysis process, methane molecules are split into solid carbon and gaseous hydrogen without CO 2 emissions associated to the reaction. 1 The technology is an emerging option to produce hydrogen at lower carbon intensity than the currently mostly used process (i.e., steam methane reforming), if the solid carbon produced is sequestered in a permanent form. 2 Since the mass of produced solid carbon is three times the mass of hydrogen, finding an outlet for the solid carbon is critical for large-scale deployment of the technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequestration of solid carbon in concrete: A large-scale enabler of lower-carbon intensity hydrogen from natural gas

Heo

Zhang

et al. 2021

MRS Bulletin

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Methane pyrolysis is an emerging technology to produce lower-carbon intensity hydrogen at scale, as long as the co-produced solid carbon is permanently captured. Partially replacing Portland cement with pyrolytic carbon would allow the sequestration at a scale that matches the needs of the H2 industry. Our results suggest that compressive strength, the most critical mechanical property, of blended cement could even be improved while the cement manufacture, which contributes to ~ 9% global anthropogenic CO2 emissions, can be decarbonized. A CO2 abatement up to 10% of cement production could be achieved with the inclusion of selected carbon morphologies, without the need of significant capital investment and radical modification of current production processes. The use of solid carbon could have a higher CO2 abatement potential than the incorporation of conventional industrial wastes used in concrete at the same replacement level. With this approach, the concrete industry could become an enabler for manufacturing a lower-carbon intensity hydrogen in a win–win solution. Impact Methane pyrolysis is an up-scalable technology that produces hydrogen as a lower carbon-intensity energy carrier and industrial feedstock. This technology can attract more investment for lower-carbon intensity hydrogen if co-produced solid carbon (potentially hundreds of million tons per year) has value-added applications. The solid carbon can be permanently stored in concrete, the second most used commodity worldwide. To understand the feasibility of this carbon storage strategy, up to 10 wt% of Portland cement is replaced with disk-like or fibrillar carbon in our study. The incorporation of 5% and 10% fibrillar carbons increase the compressive strength of the cement-based materials by at least 20% and 16%, respectively, while disk-like carbons have little beneficial effects on the compressive strength. Our life-cycle assessment in climate change category results suggest that the 10% cement replacement with the solid carbon can lower ~10% of greenhouse gas emissions of cement production, which is currently the second-largest industrial emitter in the world. The use of solid carbon in concrete can supplement the enormous demand for cement substitute for low-carbon concrete and lower the cost of the low-carbon hydrogen production. This massively available low-cost solid carbon would create numerous new opportunities in concrete research and the industrial applications.

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State of the Art of Hydrogen Production via Pyrolysis of Natural Gas

Cited by 169 publications

References 27 publications

Infrastructure Challenges Caused by Industrial Transformation to Achieve Greenhouse Gas Neutrality. Ammonia Production in the Antwerp‐Rotterdam‐Rhine‐Ruhr Area

Infrastructure Challenges Caused by Industrial Transformation to Achieve Greenhouse Gas Neutrality. Ammonia Production in the Antwerp‐Rotterdam‐Rhine‐Ruhr Area

The Future Is Colorful—An Analysis of the CO2 Bow Wave and Why Green Hydrogen Cannot Do It Alone

Sequestration of solid carbon in concrete: A large-scale enabler of lower-carbon intensity hydrogen from natural gas

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