State Estimation in Electric Power Grids: Meeting New Challenges Presented by the Requirements of the Future Grid

Abstract

his article provides a survey on state estimation (SE) in electric power grids and examines the impact on SE of the technological changes being proposed as a part of the smart grid development. Although SE at the transmission level has a long history, further research and development of innovative SE schemes, including those for distribution systems, are needed to meet the new challenges presented by the requirements of the future grid. This article also presents some example topics that signal processing (SP) research can contribute to help meet those challenges.

Distribution system state estimation-A step towards smart grid

“…This paper attempts to address this deficiency by mentioning the 31 adequate estimation techniques for DS. It further provides future research directions for DSSE, 1 including intelligent load modeling techniques [6] for pseudo measurement generation [7], event-2 triggered SE techniques [8], incorporation of smart meter [9]data and micro-synchrophasors 3 (µPMU) [10] data in DSSE, and finally development of advanced energy management systems 4 [6].…”

“…13 15 16 System state is the minimum set of variables that can be used to completely define the power 17 system using network topology and impedance parameters e.g. complex node voltages or branch 18 currents [3]. SE is the process of determining the system state using system measurements based 19 on minimization of certain statistical criteria (e.g.…”

“…Estimation of network parameters based on redundancy in measurements. 30 31 Four main processes are carried out by the TSSE present in the EMS [2,3] as depicted in Figure 32 5 33 3. Topology processing uses network parameters such as circuit breaker and switch status 1 information and updates the network topology.…”

“…Other works on topology processor can be found in [15,16]. 3 Observability analysis determines whether the measurements are sufficient to carry out the SE. To 4 ensure the observability, measurements based on historical load data, called pseudo 5 measurements, and zero injection measurements, known as virtual measurements, are used.…”

“…Bad data processing and elimination can be 11 found in [18][19][20][21][22][23]. Finally, the system state is obtained by the state estimator using the processed 12 measurements and results from observability analyzer and topology processor [3,24]. The layout 13 of the EMS/SCADA system is shown in Figure (2).…”