Starvation of Artemia in larval rearing water affects post-larval survival and morphology of the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus (Brachyura, Portunidae)

Extension of Rotifer (Brachionus Plicatilis) Inclusions in the Larval Diets of Mud Crab, Scylla Paramamosain (Estampodor, 1949): Effects on Survival, Growth, Metamorphosis and Development Time

“…Similarly, in the presence of Artemia, if rotifers are excluded at the Z1 or Z2 stages (Nghia 2004;Ruscoe et al, 2004b), starvation of Artemia may result. The feeding of starved nauplii to the late zoeal stages can adversely affect the survival and morphology of the successive stages of mud crab larvae (Dan et al, 2016b). In addition, in the current study, excessive Artemia could occur in the feeding regimes where exclusively Artemia (control regime) were used and extension of rotifers inclusion was stopped and replaced to Artemia at the early stages.…”

“…Morphological variation and formation of immature megalopa adversely affected the survival during transition from the Z5 to the megalopa stage, as evidenced by 2.2% of successful megalopa metamorphosis in this study, consistent with a previous study of Dan et al (2013) in swimming crabs. Low eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) levels in both newly hatched and starved Artemia could result in low survival and prolonged intermoult periods of S. serrata larvae (Suprayudi, Takeuchi & Hamasaki, 2004) and P. trituberculatus larvae (Dan et al, 2016b). Therefore, it is also believed that feeding exclusive Artemia throughout the larval development cannot supply enough essential nutrients which are necessary for further larval development.…”

“…In addition, the co-existence of rotifers and Artemia in the rearing water could overcome the problem of Artemia starvation (Dan et al, 2016b) as Artemia starvation is prevented as Artemia can feed on rotifer excrement and/or on the proliferating bacterial populations established due to the presence of rotifer excrements (Dan et al, 2016b). This possibly induces morphological variation and immature megalopa, both causing high megalopa mortalities.…”

“…Artemia nauplii have traditionally been used in feeding regimes of most of the mud crab larvae, albeit with mixed outcomes (Baylon, 2009;Dan et al, 2016b). However, due to the advances in practicability of rotifer production techniques and the inconsistent quality and higher costs associated with Artemia production in the hatcheries, the increased use of rotifers in S. paramamosain hatcheries could be considered as an improvement in larval production techniques and reducing in production costs.…”

Effects of thermal disinfection and autoclave sterilisation on the quality of microalgae concentrates

“…The filter-feeding planktonic larvae of most mollusc and echinoderm species, as well as some crustaceans, can utilise microalgae directly as a food source (Borowitzka, 1997a;Brown et al, 1997;Muller-Feuga, 2000). and thus the growth and survival of the carnivorous larvae (Conceição et al, 2010;Dan & Koiso, 2008;Dan et al, 2016;Reitan et al, 1997;Takeuchi, 1997Takeuchi, , 2001. For example, rotifers are usually cultured using microalgae as food (Conceição et al, 2010;Dhert, Rombaut, Suantika, & Sorgeloos, 2001;Fu, Hada, Yamashita, Yoshida, & Hino, 1997;Muller-Feuga, 2000;Reitan, Rainuzzo, Øie, & Olsen, 1997;Watanabe, Kitajima, & Fujita, 1983;Yoshimura, Tanaka, & Yoshimatsu, 2003), and the nutritional quality of Artemia nauplii can be fortified by supplying them with microalgae before they were added to larval culture tanks (Conceição et al, 2010;Dan, Oshiro, Ashidate, & Hamasaki, 2016;Seixas, Rey-Méndez, Valente, & Otero, 2008).…”