Startle and Surprise on the Flight Deck

Rivera, Javier; Talone, Andrew B.; Boesser, Claas Tido; Jentsch, Florian; Yeh, Michelle

doi:10.1177/1541931214581219

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These results were consistent with those reported by Merk and Roessingh in 2013 [ 58 ], we concluded that surprise has a great influence on information perception. According to Rivera et al [ 59 ], surprise emotions interrupt ongoing cognitive processes but promote pilots’ vigilance and sensitivity towards current environment information. It motivates pilots to develop eminent judgment and better SA control abilities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Emotion Induced by Accidents and Incidents on Pilots’ Situation Awareness

Zhou

et al. 2023

Behavioral Sciences

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(1) Background: This study examines the differences in emotions induced by accidents and incidents as emotional stimuli and the effects on pilot situation awareness (SA) after induction. (2) Method: Forty-five jet pilots were randomly divided into three groups after which their emotions were induced using the pictures of accident, incident, and neutral stimulus, respectively. (3) Results: The conditions of accidents and incidents both induced changes in the pilots’ happiness and sadness and the changes in the emotion were regulated by the emotional intelligence of pilots in the high SA group. The emotion induction, which caused a direct change in pilot’s happiness and fear, resulted in conditions that indirectly affected level 1 of SA in pilots. (4) Conclusions: The research elucidates the difference between accident and incident in inducing pilot emotions, and reminds us that SA level exerts the regulating effects on the same emotional induction conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Emotion Induced by Accidents and Incidents on Pilots’ Situation Awareness

Zhou

et al. 2023

Behavioral Sciences

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“…The difference between surprise and startle is that the former relates specifically to a cognitive mismatch between new information and expectations, whereas the latter is a more physiological reaction to a highly salient stimulus (e.g., sudden, intense, or threatening; Rivera, Talone, Boesser, Jentsch, & Yeh, 2014). Surprise might thus occur in the absence of a startle, for instance when an event occurs slowly and is not immediately threatening.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Surprise on Upset Recovery Performance in Airline Pilots

Landman

Groen²,

Paassen

et al. 2017

The International Journal of Aerospace Psychology

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Objective: The aim of this study was to test if performance of airline pilots, in performing an aerodynamic stall recovery procedure, decreases when they are surprised, compared to when they anticipate a stall event.Background: New flight-safety regulations for commercial aviation recommend the introduction of surprise and startle in upset prevention and recovery training. This calls for more evidence on the effects of surprise on pilot performance, as well as methods to effectively induce surprise in training simulators.Method: The study took place in a motion-base simulator with a poststall aerodynamic model. Using a within-subjects design, the recovery performance of 20 pilots was tested in 2 conditions: 1 anticipated condition, and 1 surprise condition. In addition to flight parameters, subjective and physiological data relating to surprise and startle were measured.Results: Pilots had significantly more difficulties with adhering to the recovery procedure in the surprise condition compared to the anticipation condition. The subjective and physiological measures confirmed that the manipulation mainly increased surprise, and to a lesser extent also startle.Conclusion: The results suggest that pilots have more difficulty in managing an upset situation (i.e., an aerodynamic stall) when this situation is presented unexpectedly, underlining that upset prevention and recovery training should include elements of surprise.

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“…Limbic hijacking occurs in high stress situations and results in workers exhibiting impulsive reactions to sensory stimuli [110]; these reactions include the ‘startle’ or ‘surprise’ responses and also contribute to a fall in performance [113].…”

Section: Human Performance Under Pressure and Cognitive Overloadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human factors in anaesthesia: a narrative review

et al. 2023

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Healthcare relies on high levels of human performance, as described by the `human as the hero´concept. However, human performance varies and is recognised to fall in high-pressure situations, meaning that it is not a reliable method of ensuring safety. Other safety-critical industries embed human factors principles into all aspects of their organisations to improve safety and reduce reliance on exceptional human performance; there is potential to do the same in anaesthesia. Human factors is a broad-based scientific discipline which aims to make it as easy as possible for workers to do things correctly. The human factors strategies most likely to be effective are those which `design out´the chance of an error or adverse event occurring. When errors or adverse events do happen, barriers are in place to trap them and reduce the risk of progression to patient and/or worker harm. If errors or adverse events are not trapped by these barriers, mitigations are in place to minimise the consequences. Non-technical skills form an important part of human factors barriers and mitigation strategies and include: situation awareness; decision-making; task management; and team working. Human factors principles are not a substitute for proper investment and appropriate staffing levels. Although applying human factors science has the potential to save money in the long term, its proper implementation may require investment before reward can be reaped. This narrative review describes what is known about human factors in anaesthesia to date.

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Startle and Surprise on the Flight Deck

Cited by 25 publications

References 31 publications

The Influence of Emotion Induced by Accidents and Incidents on Pilots’ Situation Awareness

The Influence of Emotion Induced by Accidents and Incidents on Pilots’ Situation Awareness

The Influence of Surprise on Upset Recovery Performance in Airline Pilots

Human factors in anaesthesia: a narrative review

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