Starch sources influence lipidaemia of diabetic dogs

Abstract

Background: Hyperlipidaemia is considered a cause of other diseases that are clinically important and potentially life threatening. Combination of pea and barley as exclusive starch sources is known to interfere with glycemic control in diabetic dogs, but their effect on lipid profile of hiperlipidaemic dogs is yet to be evaluated. Twelve adult diabetic dogs were fed three dry extruded diets with different starch sources and different fat levels: peas and barley (PB), maize (Mi), and peas, barley and rice (Ba) with 15.7, 15.6 and 9.0% of their dry matter as fat, respectively. Plasmatic cholesterol and triglycerides concentration curves over 10 h were obtained after 60 days on each diet and with the same NPH insulin dose. ANOVA test or Friedman test were used to compare the dietary effects on triglycerides and cholesterol variables among the diets. Results: Dogs presented lower mean (p = 0.05), fasting (p = 0.03), and time 8-h postprandial (p = 0.05) triglyceridemia after PB diet period than Ba diet period and time 4-h postprandial (p = 0.02) lower after PB than Mi diet. Cholesterolemia mean, minimum, maximum, area under the cholesterol curve and times points: 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10-h postprandial, had lower values after PB ingestion in comparison to Mi, without difference to Ba diet. Conclusion: Inclusion of pea and barley, as exclusive starch sources, in therapeutic diets for diabetic dogs can minimize plasmatic triglycerides and cholesterol concentration at fasting and at different postprandial time, compared to the maize diet or diet with lesser fat content.

Supplementation of omega-3 and dietary factors can influence the cholesterolemia and triglyceridemia in hyperlipidemic Schnauzer dogs: A preliminary report

“…The carbohydrate source interferes with the digestibility of the diet [ 28 ]; and consequently on postprandial glycemic curves in dogs [ 29 , 30 ] and effect on lipid profile of hyperlipidaemic dogs. Recently, the inclusion of peas and barley, as exclusive sources of starch, in therapeutic diets for diabetic dogs can minimize the plasma concentration of triglycerides and cholesterol in fasting and at different postprandial times, compared to the corn diet or diet with lower fat content [ 31 ], the diets evaluated in our study had the same starch and protein sources, which we believe did not interfere with the results.…”

“…However, the study did not make it clear whether these dosages would be ideal for all animals with heart disease at any stage. According to Teixeira & Brunetto [ 31 ] the supplementation of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids EPA and DHA, given as 5.0% of fish oil inclusion in the diet of diabetic dogs (which corresponds to an intake of EPA and DHA of 142.9mg/kg, equivalent to 253.8mg/kg 0.75 ) reduces the cholesterolemia and the non-HDL cholesterol. According to Bauer [ 46 ], the recommended dose for the treatment of dogs with hyperlipidemia is 120mg EPA + DHA/kg 0.75 ; however, in this recommendation, there is no references to the studies that originated the dosage.…”

Use of omega-3 as adjunctive therapy in the control of hyperlipidemia in metabolic and endocrine diseases in dogs

“…Despite the limitations described above, it is possible to state that there was a reduction in these complications and in some cases only a decrease in enzyme activity was observed. 1,9,12,13,19,20,27 Regardless of dose and brand, urea and creatinine levels remained unchanged during treatment. There was a decrease in FA after 60days of treatment in the groups of both brands (p>0.05), except for animals treated with 75mg/kg of brand 1, where FA levels did not demonstrate statistically significant alterations (p<0.05).…”

“…Secondary hyperlipidemia can occur due to high-fat diets, endocrinopathies, including Diabetes Mellitus, hypothyroidism, hyperadrenocorticism, the use of glucocorticoids, obesity acute pancreatitis, cholestasis, liver failure, and protein-losing nephropathies. 4,9,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]26 Complications of hyperlipidemia include hepatobiliary disorders (steatosis, cholestasis/cholecystitis, vacuolar liver disease, and mucocele) seizures, insulin resistance, pancreatitis, uveitis, acute blindness, and retinal and corneal lipemia, and those of hypercholesterolemia include atherosclerosis. 6,7,9,10,23,27 Therapy for the control of hyperlipidemia is recommended when triglyceride and cholesterol values are classified as severe.…”

“…The most commonly used drug therapy is made up of fibrates and omega-3 fatty acids and fish oil. 1,3,[10][11][12][13][14]19,22,28 There are several omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), the most common being α-linoleic acid (ALA), eicosatetraenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). PUFAs decrease intestinal chylomicron (CM) absorption, liver TG synthesis, TG incorporation into VLDL particles, TG-rich VLDL secretion, and hepatic lipogenesis, and increase fatty acid β-oxidation, promoting greater degradation of the VLDL-rich molecule and greater secretion of cholesterol by bile.…”