Starch Digestion–Related Amylase Genetic Variant Affects 2-Year Changes in Adiposity in Response to Weight-Loss Diets: The POUNDS Lost Trial

Heianza, Yoriko; Sun, Dianjianyi; Wang, Tiange; Huang, Tao; Bray, George A.; Sacks, Frank M.; Qi, Lü

doi:10.2337/db16-1482

Cited by 29 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…Only three individuals carried the rs12913832-G allele associated with blue eye colour, seven had the A allele associated with brown eye colour, and eight had both alleles. The minor A allele of rs11185098 is positively associated with AMY1 (amylase 1) gene copies and high amylase activity, responsible for starch digestion 27 . Only one individual was found to be homozygous for the G allele and six had both alleles, while no homozygous carrier for the A allele was found.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neolithic genomes reveal a distinct ancient HLA allele pool and population transformation in Europe

Immel

Rinne

Meadows

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The Wartberg culture (WBC, 3,500-2,800 BCE) dates to the Late Neolithic period, a time of important demographic and cultural transformations in western Europe. We perform a genome-wide analysis of 42 individuals who were interred in a WBC collective burial in Niedertiefenbach, Germany (3,300-3,200 cal. BCE). Our results highlight that the Niedertiefenbach population indeed emerged at the beginning of the WBC. This farming community was genetically heterogeneous and carried a surprisingly large hunter-gatherer ancestry component (40%). We detect considerable differences in the human leukocyte antigen gene pool between contemporary Europeans and the Niedertiefenbach individuals whose immune response was primarily geared towards defending viral infections.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neolithic genomes reveal a distinct ancient HLA allele pool and population transformation in Europe

Immel

Rinne

Meadows

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Individuals with lower AMY1 CNV and therefore low levels of salivary amylase, may be less well adapted to the digestive demands of a modern high-starch diets, with more pronounced postprandial glycemic excursions, impaired glucose tolerance and subsequent development of insulin resistance [32]. Consistent with this hypothesis, in one study on overweight and obese individuals, a high AMY1 CNV was associated with lower fasting blood glucose levels [77].…”

Section: Cnv Within Amy1 Salivary Amylase and Glucose Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 98%

Human amylase gene copy number variation as a determinant of metabolic state

Elder

Ramsden

Burnett

et al. 2018

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism

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Humans have multiple genes encoding amylase that are broadly divided into salivary (AMY1) and pancreatic (AMY2) genes. They exhibit some of the greatest copy numbers of any human gene, an expansion possibly driven by increased dietary starch intake. Within the population, amylase gene copy number is highly variable and there is evidence of an inverse association between AMY1 copy number and BMI. Areas covered: We examine the evidence for the link between AMY1 and BMI, its potential mechanisms, and the metabolic effects of salivary and pancreatic amylase, both in the gastrointestinal tract and the blood. Expert commentary: Salivary amylase may influence postprandial 'cephalic phase' insulin release, which improves glucose tolerance, while serum amylase may have insulin-sensitizing properties. This could explain the favorable metabolic status associated with higher AMY1 copy number. The association with BMI is harder to explain and is potentially mediated by increased flux of undigested starch into the ileum, with resultant effects on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), changes in gut microbiota and effects on appetite and energy expenditure in those with low copy number. Future research on the role of amylase as a determinant of metabolic health and BMI may lead to novel therapies to target obesity.

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“…In total, seven publications assessed the interaction of genotype and protein intake on weight loss [39,40,42,43,46,49,51] (Table 4). All of them analyzed data from the POUNDS Lost trial and used an additive model for genetic analysis.…”

Section: Interaction Of Genotype and Protein Intake On Weight Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Genotype–Diet Interactions and Weight Loss—A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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Studies on the interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and macronutrient consumption on weight loss are rare and heterogeneous. This review aimed to conduct a systematic literature search to investigate genotype–diet interactions on weight loss. Four databases were searched with keywords on genetics, nutrition, and weight loss (PROSPERO: CRD42019139571). Articles in languages other than English and trials investigating special groups (e.g., pregnant women, people with severe diseases) were excluded. In total, 20,542 articles were identified, and, after removal of duplicates and further screening steps, 27 articles were included. Eligible articles were based on eight trials with 91 SNPs in 63 genetic loci. All articles examined the interaction between genotype and macronutrients (carbohydrates, fat, protein) on the extent of weight loss. However, in most cases, the interaction results were not significant and represented single findings that lack replication. The publications most frequently analyzed genotype–fat intake interaction on weight loss. Since the majority of interactions were not significant and not replicated, a final evaluation of the genotype–diet interactions on weight loss was not possible. In conclusion, no evidence was found that genotype–diet interaction is a main determinant of obesity treatment success, but this needs to be addressed in future studies.

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Starch Digestion–Related Amylase Genetic Variant Affects 2-Year Changes in Adiposity in Response to Weight-Loss Diets: The POUNDS Lost Trial

Cited by 29 publications

References 41 publications

Neolithic genomes reveal a distinct ancient HLA allele pool and population transformation in Europe

Neolithic genomes reveal a distinct ancient HLA allele pool and population transformation in Europe

Human amylase gene copy number variation as a determinant of metabolic state

Associations between Genotype–Diet Interactions and Weight Loss—A Systematic Review

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