Associations between Genotype–Diet Interactions and Weight Loss—A Systematic Review

Abstract

Studies on the interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and macronutrient consumption on weight loss are rare and heterogeneous. This review aimed to conduct a systematic literature search to investigate genotype–diet interactions on weight loss. Four databases were searched with keywords on genetics, nutrition, and weight loss (PROSPERO: CRD42019139571). Articles in languages other than English and trials investigating special groups (e.g., pregnant women, people with severe diseases) were excluded. In total, 20,542 articles were identified, and, after removal of duplicates and further screening steps, 27 articles were included. Eligible articles were based on eight trials with 91 SNPs in 63 genetic loci. All articles examined the interaction between genotype and macronutrients (carbohydrates, fat, protein) on the extent of weight loss. However, in most cases, the interaction results were not significant and represented single findings that lack replication. The publications most frequently analyzed genotype–fat intake interaction on weight loss. Since the majority of interactions were not significant and not replicated, a final evaluation of the genotype–diet interactions on weight loss was not possible. In conclusion, no evidence was found that genotype–diet interaction is a main determinant of obesity treatment success, but this needs to be addressed in future studies.

A Systematic Review of Genetic Correlates of Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery

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An Exploratory Critical Review on TNF-α as a Potential Inflammatory Biomarker Responsive to Dietary Intervention with Bioactive Foods and Derived Products

“…A different and more complex approach is one that examines the effects of multiple SNPs. In a recent review [ 193 ], the interaction between 91 SNPs and the intake of fat, carbohydrates and protein on body weight loss concluded that the majority of those interactions were (NS) and thus the evidence was inconclusive. These results show once again the difficulty in finding and demonstrating the interaction between genetic variants and diet.…”

Genetic and epigenetic nutritional interactions influencing obesity risk and adiposity outcomes

“…Advances in sequencing technologies and bioinformatics approaches have allowed the characterization of a number of genetic variants across the human genome influencing the susceptibility of each individual to gain body weight [8]. The most commonly studied are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), whose effect is eventually dependent on interactions with obesogenic environmental factors, including nutritional features [9]. For example, using genome-wide association study (GWAS) weights of European ancestry samples, it was reported that the adoption of certain dietary patterns (namely consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages) may play a significant role in modifying the effect of genetic risk on obesity [10].…”