Starch-based foam composite materials: Processing and bioproducts

Glenn, Gregory M.; Imam, Syed H.; Orts, William J.

doi:10.1557/mrs.2011.205

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Recently, starch-based expanded foams were developed as environmentally friendly loose-ll packaging materials. 32,33 However, most starch-based foams relied on non-degradable polymers to provide the foam functionality. The PEI-Fc/Em-bCD complex not only has good compressibility, but also "degrades" easily.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A reversible functional supramolecular material formed by host–guest inclusion

et al. 2014

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Humanity has an urgent need to develop more degradable materials for solving environmental pollution. In this study, through host-guest interactions between fatty acids-modified b-cyclodextrin (Em-bCD) and polyethylenimine (PEI) oligomer-grafted ferrocene (PEI-Fc), we designed and prepared a supramolecular polymer (PEI-Fc/Em-bCD complex), which showed polymeric properties and was able to be used as a cushioning material due to its good compressibility. Compared with conventional polymers, a remarkable advantage of the PEI-Fc/Em-bCD complex is that it can be dismantled into small molecules and rebuilt easily by controlling the dissociation or reformation of bCD-Fc inclusion complexes.Furthermore, the material also exhibited good self-healing properties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A reversible functional supramolecular material formed by host–guest inclusion

et al. 2014

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“…Starch can be considered as an alternative in the production of foams due to its biodegradability, availability, low cost, abun-dance, and renewability. Starch-based foams are low density materials with many applications including acoustical and/or thermal insulation, packaging and cushioning, [4,31,32] gaskets, and single-use packaging applied as food containers. [4,22,31] Foams are composed of 95-98% gas (water vapor in starch-based foams) as the dispersed phase and the rest is composed of a polymer acting as the continuous phase, building a cellular structure or cell network (open and/or closed cells).…”

Section: Starch-based Foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship among Extrusion Conditions, Cell Morphology, and Properties of Starch‐Based Foams—A Review

et al. 2022

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Environmental impact concern of conventional polymer foams has attracted considerable interest for the development of natural-based polymer foams.Starch is a biopolymer that is gaining acceptability due to its renewability, availability, environmental biodegradation, and low cost. Extrusion is particularly desirable to produce starch-based foams because it can produce a homogeneous mixing, high heat transfer, high pressure, reduction of the residence time, and low production costs. This review explains the transformation of starch during the foam processing and their relationship with extrusion conditions such as water content, barrel temperature, screw configuration and speed, die temperature, and die dimensions and how all these factors impact on the cell morphology, apparent density, expansion ratio, and final properties of starch-based foams. The strategies to reduce water sensitivity are described, as well as the effect of amylose content and the addition of additives to improve the starch-based foams performance as alternative for expanded polystyrene. The extrusion processing conditions can be controlled to obtain the desirable properties for specific applications such as cushioning, packaging, and loose-fill, among others. Also, a brief look at the starch-based foams trends, challenges, and perspectives are also discussed.

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“…70,71 Previous studies [74][75][76] revealed that double helix starch chains were disentangled, rearranged, and entangled together during alkali treatment processing and hence, enhanced the gel viscosity and quality of the starch products. Several nanoparticles [77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84] and layered nanoplatelets [85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93] have been reported as potential additives to improve the cellular foaming performance of higher cell density, smaller cell sizes. 78,79,85,87,92 In which, montmorillonite (MMT) nano-platelets are miscible with starch, and can act as efficient nucleation agents for heterogeneous nucleation and microfoaming processing of starch-based polymers even at low MMT loadings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro foaming performance of scCO₂-aid glutaraldehyde/hexametaphosphate/thermoplastic starch foams modified by alkali treatment and montmorillonite nano-platelets

et al. 2022

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The micro foaming performance, moisture resistance and dynamic viscosity of scCO2-aid glutaraldehyde/hexametaphosphate/thermoplastic tapioca starch (GA/SHMP/TOS) foams were considerably improved by proper NaOH treatment. The expansion ratio, resilience rate, dynamic viscosity values of these NaOH modified foams improved to a maximum, as the time for NaOH treatment approached a proper value. The dynamic viscosity, expansion ratio and resilience rate of the scCO2-aid GA/SHMP/TOS foams modified using 110 atm scCO2-pressure, the proper alkali treatment time, SHMP loading and varying montmorillonite (MMT) loadings improved further, as their MMT loadings approached a proper value of 2.5 part per hundred parts of tapioca starch (PHTOS). Relatively large dynamic viscosity (7.1x104 Pa·s), extremely large expansion ratio (∼75), cell density (1.1x109 cells/cm3) and/or resilience rate (∼80%) were acquired for the scCO2-aid GA/SHMP/TOS/MMT foam modified using the proper alkali treatment time and MMT loading. Thermal analyses results showed that crystallization onset temperatures and crystallization rates of scCO2-aid GA/SHMP/TOS/MMT foams modified using the proper alkali treatment time and varying MMT loadings improved to a highest value by adding 2.5 PHTOS of MMT nano-platelets. Possible reasons accounting for the considerably improved micro foaming performance of scCO2-aid GA/SHMP/TOS/MMT foams modified using the proper alkali treatment time and MMT loading are proposed in this study.

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Starch-based foam composite materials: Processing and bioproducts

Abstract: For the most up-to-date information on 2GCMEA 2012, visit www.mrs.org/2gcmea-2012.

Cited by 18 publications

References 46 publications

A reversible functional supramolecular material formed by host–guest inclusion

A reversible functional supramolecular material formed by host–guest inclusion

Relationship among Extrusion Conditions, Cell Morphology, and Properties of Starch‐Based Foams—A Review

Micro foaming performance of scCO₂-aid glutaraldehyde/hexametaphosphate/thermoplastic starch foams modified by alkali treatment and montmorillonite nano-platelets

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Starch-based foam composite materials: Processing and bioproducts

Abstract: For the most up-to-date information on 2GCMEA 2012, visit www.mrs.org/2gcmea-2012.

Cited by 18 publications

References 46 publications

A reversible functional supramolecular material formed by host–guest inclusion

A reversible functional supramolecular material formed by host–guest inclusion

Relationship among Extrusion Conditions, Cell Morphology, and Properties of Starch‐Based Foams—A Review

Micro foaming performance of scCO2-aid glutaraldehyde/hexametaphosphate/thermoplastic starch foams modified by alkali treatment and montmorillonite nano-platelets

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Product

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Micro foaming performance of scCO₂-aid glutaraldehyde/hexametaphosphate/thermoplastic starch foams modified by alkali treatment and montmorillonite nano-platelets